6.1 Brown v. Board of Education and school desegregation
3 min read•july 22, 2024
The case in 1954 was a game-changer. It overturned the "separate but equal" doctrine, declaring segregated schools unconstitutional. This landmark decision sparked the and set the stage for desegregation across the US.
But change didn't come easy. Many Southern states and school districts fought back hard. They used tactics like "" and "" plans to keep schools segregated. It took years of court battles and federal intervention to make real progress.
Brown v. Board of Education and School Desegregation
Significance of Brown v. Board
Top images from around the web for Significance of Brown v. Board
Category:Brown v. Board of Education - Wikimedia Commons View original
Is this image relevant?
The Mad Professah Lectures: May 17, 2014: Today Is The 60th Anniversary of Brown v Board of ... View original
Is this image relevant?
The Mad Professah Lectures: May 17, 2014: Today Is The 60th Anniversary of Brown v Board of ... View original
Is this image relevant?
Category:Brown v. Board of Education - Wikimedia Commons View original
Is this image relevant?
The Mad Professah Lectures: May 17, 2014: Today Is The 60th Anniversary of Brown v Board of ... View original
Is this image relevant?
1 of 3
Top images from around the web for Significance of Brown v. Board
Category:Brown v. Board of Education - Wikimedia Commons View original
Is this image relevant?
The Mad Professah Lectures: May 17, 2014: Today Is The 60th Anniversary of Brown v Board of ... View original
Is this image relevant?
The Mad Professah Lectures: May 17, 2014: Today Is The 60th Anniversary of Brown v Board of ... View original
Is this image relevant?
Category:Brown v. Board of Education - Wikimedia Commons View original
Is this image relevant?
The Mad Professah Lectures: May 17, 2014: Today Is The 60th Anniversary of Brown v Board of ... View original
Is this image relevant?
1 of 3
Landmark Supreme Court case overturned "separate but equal" doctrine established in (1896)
Ruled segregated schools inherently unequal and violated 's
Declared state-mandated segregation of public schools unconstitutional
Paved the way for desegregation of schools across United States
Consolidated five separate cases from Kansas, South Carolina, Virginia, Delaware, and Washington D.C.
Unanimous decision with Chief Justice Earl Warren delivering opinion of the court
Served as catalyst for Civil Rights Movement and fight for racial equality in United States (, )
Challenges of desegregation implementation
Many southern states and school districts resisted implementation of Brown decision
Some states adopted "massive resistance" policies to prevent desegregation (Virginia)
Closed public schools and provided vouchers for white students to attend private, segregated schools
Some school districts implemented "freedom of choice" plans allowing students to choose schools but often maintained segregation
White citizens' councils and Ku Klux Klan actively opposed desegregation efforts
Used intimidation, violence, and economic pressure to prevent African American students from attending white schools
"" signed by 101 members of Congress denounced Brown decision and pledged to resist desegregation
Many court battles and federal interventions necessary to enforce desegregation in resistant school districts ( in 1957, desegregation of University of Mississippi in 1962)
Effectiveness of Brown decision
Significant step towards educational equality but progress slow and uneven
Many school districts, particularly in South, resisted desegregation for years or even decades
Did not address issues of de facto segregation persisting due to housing patterns and socioeconomic factors
Quality of education in predominantly African American schools often remained inferior to predominantly white schools
Due to factors such as underfunding, inadequate resources, and less experienced teachers
Achievement gap between white and African American students persisted despite desegregation efforts
Laid groundwork for further legislation and court cases aimed at promoting educational equality (, )
Key figures in desegregation fight
as chief counsel for Legal Defense and Educational Fund argued Brown v. Board of Education case before Supreme Court
Played crucial role in developing legal strategy that led to Brown decision
Later became first African American Supreme Court Justice in 1967
NAACP instrumental in fight for school desegregation
Filed numerous lawsuits challenging segregation in public schools, including five cases consolidated into Brown v. Board of Education
Provided legal support, resources, and strategic guidance to local communities fighting for desegregation
Other key figures include:
, Marshall's mentor and predecessor as NAACP's chief counsel
and , attorneys who worked with Marshall on Brown case
, one of first African American students to desegregate elementary school in New Orleans in 1960