6.1 Organology and instrument classification systems
3 min read•july 25, 2024
Instrument classification systems in ethnomusicology help us make sense of the world's diverse musical tools. From the widely-used to alternatives like Schaeffner's, these approaches categorize instruments based on how they make sound or what they're made of.
Each system has its strengths and weaknesses. While some excel at organizing Western orchestral instruments, others are better suited for global music traditions. Understanding these classifications helps us compare instruments across cultures and appreciate the rich variety of musical expression worldwide.
Instrument Classification Systems in Ethnomusicology
Instrument classification in ethnomusicology
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Top images from around the web for Instrument classification in ethnomusicology
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Classifying Musical Instruments ‹ OpenCurriculum View original
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Hornbostel-Sachs system widely used in ethnomusicology developed by and in 1914 categorizes instruments based on sound production method (, )
precursor to Hornbostel-Sachs created by in 1880 focused on Western orchestral instruments (violin, trumpet)
alternative classification based on vibrating body material developed by in 1932 emphasizes physical properties (wooden xylophone, metal gong)
updated version of Hornbostel-Sachs incorporates electrophones and modern instruments adapts to technological advancements (, )
Features of classification systems
Hornbostel-Sachs system
Four main categories: , , , encompass diverse instrument types
Hierarchical structure with decimal notation allows for precise subcategorization
Based on method of sound production provides clear distinctions between instrument families
Mahillon system
Four categories: autophones, membranophones, chordophones, aerophones mirror Hornbostel-Sachs with slight terminology differences
Focused on Western orchestral instruments limited scope for global music traditions
Schaeffner system
Two main categories: instruments with solid vibrating bodies, instruments with vibrating air simplifies classification
Subdivided based on instrument material emphasizes physical composition over sound production
Sachs-Hornbostel system
Adds electrophones as fifth category accommodates electronic and digital instruments
Incorporates new subcategories for contemporary instruments reflects evolving music technology
Strengths vs limitations of approaches
Hornbostel-Sachs system
Strengths
Comprehensive and adaptable to various cultures facilitates cross-cultural comparisons
Allows precise categorization with decimal notation enables detailed instrument analysis
Limitations
May oversimplify complex instruments with multiple sound production methods ()