Biological tissues like and are viscoelastic, combining viscous and elastic properties. This means they respond differently to forces over time, which is crucial for how our bodies move and handle stress.
Understanding viscoelasticity helps us grasp how tissues work and why they sometimes get injured. Key concepts like , stress relaxation, and explain how tissues change shape, absorb shock, and protect our joints during movement.
Viscoelasticity of Biological Tissues
Fundamentals of Viscoelasticity
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Viscoelasticity combines viscous and elastic characteristics during deformation
Biological tissues (ligaments, tendons, cartilage) display viscoelastic behavior due to complex structural composition
Time-dependent strain under constant stress or time-dependent stress under constant strain characterizes viscoelastic response
Factors influencing viscoelastic behavior include , hydration, and
Mathematical models (, ) describe and predict viscoelastic behavior in biological tissues
Key Properties and Applications
Stress relaxation, creep, and hysteresis constitute essential viscoelastic properties for physiological function
Stress relaxation decreases stress under constant deformation (sustained stretching)
Creep increases deformation under constant applied load
Hysteresis dissipates energy during loading and unloading cycles
Area between loading and unloading curves in stress-strain diagram represents hysteresis
Understanding viscoelastic properties crucial for tissue engineering and rehabilitation protocols
Creep, Stress Relaxation, and Hysteresis
Creep Behavior
Time-dependent increase in deformation under constant applied load
Three stages characterize creep: primary, secondary, and tertiary
Creep compliance function J(t) describes time-dependent strain response to constant stress input
Gradual deformation over time potentially contributes to chronic injuries or degenerative conditions (osteoarthritis)
Creep response affects load-bearing capacity of tissues (intervertebral discs)
Stress Relaxation and Hysteresis
Time-dependent decrease in stress under constant deformation defines stress relaxation