7.2 Growth of tourism and the hotel industry

Florida's tourism boom during the Gilded Age transformed the state's economy and landscape. Improved transportation, natural attractions, and savvy marketing drew wealthy visitors seeking warm winters and luxury accommodations.

The hotel industry played a crucial role, with grand resorts like Flagler's Ponce de Leon in St. Augustine setting new standards. These developments brought economic benefits but also cultural changes and environmental challenges that shaped Florida's future.

Tourism and Hotel Industry in Florida's Gilded Age

Factors in Florida's tourism growth

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• Transportation improvements expanded accessibility with railroads penetrating inland areas and steamships offering coastal routes (Henry Flagler's Florida East Coast Railway)
• Climate and natural attractions lured visitors with warm winters, pristine beaches, and unique ecosystems (Everglades)
• Health tourism flourished as people sought healing in Florida's climate and spa resorts (Hot Springs)
• Marketing efforts by railroad companies and travel literature romanticized Florida (Harper's Monthly)
• Wealthy industrialists invested in infrastructure and luxury resorts (John D. Rockefeller)
• Post-Civil War economic growth increased disposable income for middle and upper classes fueling tourism

Development of Florida tourist destinations

• St. Augustine transformed by Flagler's investments including Ponce de Leon Hotel and Alcazar Hotel
• Palm Beach became exclusive with Flagler's Royal Poinciana Hotel and The Breakers
• Other destinations emerged like Tampa Bay Hotel and Miami Beach
• Resort amenities expanded to include golf courses, tennis courts, and boating facilities

Hotel industry's role in Florida tourism

• Luxury accommodations in grand hotels catered to wealthy visitors (Belleview Biltmore)
• Employment opportunities created jobs in hospitality and service sectors
• Infrastructure development spurred roads, utilities, and public services
• Architectural influence popularized Mediterranean Revival style (Boca Raton Resort & Club)
• Marketing and promotion established "winter season" concept
• Cultural offerings within hotels included art galleries and music venues

Impact of tourism on Florida

• Economic benefits increased tax revenue and stimulated local businesses
• Cultural changes brought diverse visitors and preserved historical sites (Castillo de San Marcos)
• Environmental challenges led to coastal development and pressure on natural resources
• Social impacts caused seasonal population fluctuations and gentrification
• Infrastructure strain necessitated improved roads and public services
• Long-term economic dependence made Florida vulnerable to tourism-related downturns