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Closed-loop supply chains are revolutionizing how businesses manage products from cradle to grave. By integrating forward and , companies can recapture value from used items while minimizing waste and environmental impact.

This approach emphasizes , where materials continuously circulate through the economy. From product design to end-of-life management, businesses are rethinking every stage to create more sustainable and efficient supply chains.

Reverse Logistics and Product Recovery

Closed-Loop Supply Chain and Reverse Logistics

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  • integrates forward and reverse logistics processes
  • Manages product lifecycle from production to end-of-life and back to production
  • Reverse logistics focuses on moving products from customers back to manufacturers
  • Involves collection, sorting, and transportation of used products
  • Aims to recapture value from returned or end-of-life products
  • Reduces environmental impact by minimizing waste and conserving resources

Resource Recovery and Product Take-Back

  • extracts valuable materials from discarded products
  • Includes processes like recycling, refurbishing, and remanufacturing
  • Recovers materials such as metals, plastics, and electronic components
  • programs encourage customers to return used products
  • Manufacturers assume responsibility for product disposal or recycling
  • Take-back initiatives may offer incentives (discounts on new purchases)
  • Facilitates proper disposal and recycling of electronic waste (computers, smartphones)

Circular Product Lifecycle

Circular Flow and Cradle-to-Cradle Concept

  • Circular flow model replaces traditional linear "take-make-dispose" approach
  • Emphasizes continuous circulation of materials and resources
  • design philosophy promotes sustainable product development
  • Products designed for easy disassembly and recycling at end-of-life
  • Materials categorized as (synthetic materials) or (biodegradable materials)
  • Technical nutrients continuously circulate in closed-loop industrial cycles
  • Biological nutrients safely return to the environment without harmful effects

Product Lifecycle Management in Circular Economy

  • Product lifecycle extends beyond traditional stages (development, growth, maturity, decline)
  • Incorporates end-of-life management and resource recovery
  • Design phase considers entire lifecycle, including disassembly and recycling
  • Production uses recycled or when possible
  • Use phase emphasizes , , and
  • End-of-life phase focuses on proper disposal, recycling, or remanufacturing
  • Circular approach reduces waste and conserves resources throughout lifecycle

Waste Reduction Strategies

Waste Hierarchy and Prevention

  • follows the : prevent, reduce, reuse, recycle, recover, dispose
  • focus on avoiding waste generation (designing for longevity)
  • Reduction techniques minimize waste during production and consumption
  • Reuse extends product life through repair, refurbishment, or repurposing
  • Recycling converts waste materials into new products or raw materials
  • Recovery extracts energy or materials from waste that cannot be recycled
  • Disposal remains the last resort for waste that cannot be managed through other methods

Remanufacturing and Product Life Extension

  • Remanufacturing restores used products to like-new condition
  • Involves disassembly, cleaning, repair, and reassembly of components
  • Preserves embodied energy and materials from original manufacturing
  • Reduces production costs and environmental impact compared to new manufacturing
  • strategies include modular design for easy upgrades
  • Repair services and spare parts availability promote longer product use
  • Leasing or product-as-a-service models incentivize manufacturers to design for durability
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© 2024 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved.
AP® and SAT® are trademarks registered by the College Board, which is not affiliated with, and does not endorse this website.

© 2024 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved.
AP® and SAT® are trademarks registered by the College Board, which is not affiliated with, and does not endorse this website.
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