Splinting is a crucial skill in first aid for musculoskeletal injuries. It involves immobilizing injured body parts to prevent further harm and promote healing. Different types of splints, from rigid to soft, are used depending on the injury and available materials.
Proper splint application requires careful padding , positioning, and monitoring of circulation. First responders must check for pulse, sensation, and movement before and after splinting. Regular reassessment ensures the splint isn't causing additional problems while supporting the injury.
Splint Types
Rigid and Soft Splints
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Splints immobilize and support injured body parts to prevent further injury and promote healing
Rigid splints consist of firm materials (cardboard, metal, plastic) that hold the injured area in a fixed position
Soft splints use flexible materials (towels, blankets, pillows) to provide cushioning and support without complete immobilization
Traction splints apply gentle pulling force to realign and stabilize fractures in long bones (femur )
Specialized Splints
Anatomical splints utilize the patient's own body to support the injured area
Securing an injured arm to the chest wall
Taping injured fingers together for support
Air splints are inflatable devices that provide circumferential pressure and support
Commonly used for ankle and wrist injuries
Sam splints are compact, lightweight, and moldable aluminum splints
Can be bent and shaped to conform to various body parts
Improvised splints are constructed from readily available materials in emergency situations
Branches, boards, rolled newspapers, or magazines can be used
Splint Application
Padding and Positioning
Padding should be applied between the splint and skin to prevent pressure sores and increase comfort
Use soft materials like cotton, foam, or cloth
Pay extra attention to bony prominences (ankles, elbows)
Position the injured body part in a neutral, anatomical alignment before splinting
Minimize movement of fracture ends to reduce pain and prevent further damage
Splints should extend past the joints above and below the injury site for optimal immobilization
Circulation Monitoring
Check circulation, sensation, and motor function (CSM) before and after splint application
Assess pulse distal to the injury to ensure adequate blood flow
Ask patient about numbness, tingling, or loss of sensation
Observe for movement of fingers or toes
Loosen or adjust the splint if CSM is compromised
Impaired circulation can lead to tissue damage and complications
Recheck CSM every 15-30 minutes and document findings to monitor for any changes
Prompt detection of circulation issues is crucial for preventing permanent damage