7.3 Urbanization and the growth of Albuquerque and other cities

After World War II, New Mexico's cities boomed. People flocked to urban areas for jobs in nuclear weapons, military bases, and growing universities. This shift reshaped the state's economy, politics, and culture.

Albuquerque grew fastest, ballooning from 35,000 people in 1940 to over 200,000 by 1960. This rapid growth brought new opportunities but also challenges like housing shortages and strained infrastructure.

Postwar Urbanization of New Mexico

Factors Contributing to Urbanization

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• New Mexico experienced significant urbanization after World War II
  • Population shifted from rural areas to cities (Albuquerque, Santa Fe, Las Cruces)
• Development of nuclear weapons industry attracted scientists, engineers, and support personnel
  • Los Alamos and Sandia National Laboratories contributed to urban growth
• Expansion of military presence brought military personnel and their families to the state's cities
  • Kirtland Air Force Base and White Sands Missile Range
• Improved transportation infrastructure made New Mexico's cities more accessible and attractive
  • Construction of highways and expansion of airports
• Growth of tourism industry contributed to the development of cities
  • Santa Fe art scene and Albuquerque's Old Town
• Establishment of universities drew students and faculty to urban centers
  • University of New Mexico in Albuquerque and New Mexico State University in Las Cruces

Impact on State's Landscape

• Urbanization led to a shift in the state's economy
  • Greater emphasis on industries concentrated in cities (technology, defense, tourism)
• Growth of cities created new job opportunities and attracted businesses
  • Contributed to economic development and diversification in New Mexico
• Changes in social structures occurred as urban societies became more diverse and complex
  • Traditional rural and small-town communities gave way
• Concentration of population in cities increased their political influence
  • Urban voters and interests became more important in state and local politics
• Challenges associated with urban growth became key issues in political debates and policy-making
  • Housing affordability and infrastructure needs
• Cultural and artistic vibrancy of cities became an important part of the state's identity
  • Santa Fe and Albuquerque attracted tourists and new residents

Albuquerque's Population Growth

• Albuquerque experienced rapid population growth in the postwar era
  • Population increased from around 35,000 in 1940 to over 200,000 by 1960
  • Continued growth in the following decades, reaching over 500,000 by 2000
  • Became New Mexico's largest city
• Demographic composition of the city changed as a result of urbanization
  • Increase in the percentage of non-Hispanic white residents
  • Decrease in the percentage of Hispanic and Native American residents
• Influx of scientists, engineers, and military personnel contributed to a more educated and professionally diverse population
• Urban growth led to the development of new neighborhoods and suburbs
  • Changed the spatial distribution of the population within the city

Urban Development in New Mexico

Infrastructure and Housing Challenges

• Rapid urban development strained existing infrastructure
  • Roads, water systems, and schools required significant investments to keep pace with growth
• Expansion of cities led to increased demand for housing
  • Drove up property values and rents, creating affordability challenges for some residents
• Urban sprawl and development of suburbs contributed to environmental concerns
  • Increased air pollution and loss of open spaces

Economic and Cultural Opportunities

• Concentration of population in cities created opportunities for economic growth
  • Businesses could access a larger pool of workers and customers
• Development of cultural institutions enhanced quality of life and attracted visitors
  • Museums, theaters, and sports venues
• Growth of cities led to increased diversity and cultural exchange
  • People from different backgrounds came together in urban environments

Urbanization's Impact on New Mexico

• Santa Fe and Las Cruces also experienced significant population growth during this period
  • Growth occurred on a smaller scale compared to Albuquerque
• Urbanization led to changes in social structures and political influence
  • Traditional rural communities gave way to more diverse urban societies
  • Urban voters and interests became more important in state and local politics
• Challenges associated with urban growth became key issues in policy-making
  • Housing affordability, infrastructure needs, and environmental concerns
• Cultural and artistic vibrancy of cities became an important part of New Mexico's identity
  • Attracted tourists and new residents, particularly in Santa Fe and Albuquerque