goes beyond sentences, examining how we use language in social contexts. It reveals hidden patterns and power dynamics in our communication, helping us understand how language shapes our world and relationships.
Coherence in discourse creates meaningful connections between parts of a conversation or text. It involves , logical organization, and the use of to maintain clarity and flow throughout the communication.
Discourse analysis and its significance
Understanding discourse analysis
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Systematic study of language use beyond sentence level focuses on social and cultural contexts of communication
Examines how language constructs meaning, establishes relationships, and performs social actions
Investigates spoken and written language (conversations, speeches, narratives, written texts)
Draws upon linguistics, sociology, anthropology, and psychology for comprehensive understanding
Importance and applications
Reveals underlying patterns, ideologies, and power structures embedded in language use
Contributes to understanding how language shapes and is shaped by social norms, cultural practices, individual identities
Examines language use in creating and maintaining social relationships
Analyzes negotiation of power dynamics and construction of shared meanings within communities
Discourse coherence: Key elements
Thematic and logical progression
Discourse coherence creates logical and meaningful connection between parts of text or conversation
Thematic progression develops and maintains central topic throughout discourse
ensures each statement contributes meaningfully to overall discourse
Temporal and provides clear structure for events or descriptions
Linguistic and contextual factors
and explicitly link ideas and guide listener or reader
Consistent use of referents (pronouns, noun phrases) maintains clarity and
Background knowledge and shared context between participants allow for implicit connections and inferences
Cohesive devices in discourse
Lexical and grammatical cohesion
Cohesive devices connect different parts of text or conversation, contributing to overall coherence and unity
uses semantically related vocabulary (repetition, synonymy, collocation)
utilizes linguistic structures (pronouns, , substitution) to maintain
Conjunctions and connectives signal relationships between ideas (addition, contrast, causality)
Structural and referential cohesion
Thematic progression strategically places new and given information for flow and continuity
maintains clarity by consistently referring to people, objects, or ideas
Temporal and spatial cohesion devices organize information chronologically or spatially
Temporal devices (first, then, finally)
Spatial devices (above, below, adjacent to)
Discourse analysis techniques: Application
Critical and interactional approaches
(CDA) examines power relations and ideologies in language use
Analyzes political speeches for underlying ideological messages
Investigates media representations of social issues