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9.1 Functions and Organization of Political Parties

5 min read•july 30, 2024

Political parties are the backbone of democratic systems, connecting citizens to government and shaping policy. They recruit leaders, mobilize voters, and form governments. Understanding their functions is crucial to grasping how democracies work.

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Parties have complex structures, from local chapters to national leadership. They balance internal factions, select candidates, and coordinate campaigns. Their relationships with interest groups can be collaborative or competitive, influencing policy and raising accountability concerns.

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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • Political Parties: What are they and how do they function? | United States Government View original

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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • Political Parties: What are they and how do they function? | United States Government View original

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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • Political Parties: What are they and how do they function? | United States Government View original

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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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Functions of political parties

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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • Political Parties: What are they and how do they function? | United States Government View original

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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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Linking citizens and government

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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • Serve as a link between citizens and the government
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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • Political Parties: What are they and how do they function? | United States Government View original

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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • Aggregate and articulate the interests and preferences of various groups in society
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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • Enable citizens to express their political views and participate in the democratic process
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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • Political Parties: What are they and how do they function? | United States Government View original

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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • Political Parties: What are they and how do they function? | United States Government View original

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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • Political Parties: What are they and how do they function? | United States Government View original

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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • Political Parties: What are they and how do they function? | United States Government View original

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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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Recruitment and selection of political leaders

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  • Political Parties: What are they and how do they function? | United States Government View original

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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • Political Parties: What are they and how do they function? | United States Government View original

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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • Play a crucial role in recruiting and selecting political leaders
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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • Political Parties: What are they and how do they function? | United States Government View original

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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • Political Parties: What are they and how do they function? | United States Government View original

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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • Identify and nominate candidates for elected office at various levels of government (local, state, national)
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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • Political Parties: What are they and how do they function? | United States Government View original

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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • Political Parties: What are they and how do they function? | United States Government View original

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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • Provide a pathway for individuals to enter and advance in political careers
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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • Political Parties: What are they and how do they function? | United States Government View original

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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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Top images from around the web for Functions of political parties

  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • Political Parties: What are they and how do they function? | United States Government View original

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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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Top images from around the web for Functions of political parties

  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • Political Parties: What are they and how do they function? | United States Government View original

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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • Political Parties: What are they and how do they function? | United States Government View original

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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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Policy development and promotion

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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • Political Parties: What are they and how do they function? | United States Government View original

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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • Develop and promote policy platforms and ideologies
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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • Serve as the basis for electoral campaigns and legislative agendas
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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • Political Parties: What are they and how do they function? | United States Government View original

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  • Offer voters a choice between competing visions for the country's future
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  • Political Parties: What are they and how do they function? | United States Government View original

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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • Shape the national political discourse and policy debate
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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • Political Parties: What are they and how do they function? | United States Government View original

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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • Political Parties: What are they and how do they function? | United States Government View original

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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • Political Parties: What are they and how do they function? | United States Government View original

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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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  • The Shape of Modern Political Parties | American National Government View original

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Voter mobilization and participation

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  • Mobilize voters and encourage political participation
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  • Engage in voter registration drives, campaign rallies, and get-out-the-vote efforts
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  • Educate citizens about the political process and the importance of voting
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  • Provide a sense of belonging and collective identity for supporters
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Government formation and maintenance

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  • Play a key role in the formation and maintenance of governments, particularly in parliamentary systems
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  • The executive branch is typically drawn from the legislature and requires the support of a or coalition
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  • Parties negotiate and form coalitions to create stable governing majorities
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  • Opposition parties hold the government accountable and offer alternative policies
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Political party structure

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Hierarchical organization

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  • Typically have a hierarchical structure with national, regional, and local levels
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  • Each level has its own leadership and decision-making bodies
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  • Ensures coordination and communication between different levels of the party
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Internal decision-making processes

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  • Decision-making processes can vary, ranging from highly centralized to more decentralized approaches
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  • Centralized parties have a top-down structure, with national leadership making key decisions
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  • Decentralized parties allow for more grassroots input and bottom-up decision-making
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  • The balance of power between national and local party organizations can affect internal dynamics
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Leadership and candidate selection

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  • Have formal mechanisms for selecting leaders and candidates
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  • Methods include primary elections, caucuses, or nominating conventions
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  • Selection processes can be open to all party members or limited to party elites
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  • Candidate selection can have a significant impact on the party's electoral success
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Factions and interest groups

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  • Factions and internal interest groups can influence the party's policy positions and overall direction
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  • May represent different ideological wings, regional interests, or demographic groups within the party
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  • Can lead to internal debates, negotiations, and power struggles
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  • Successful parties manage to balance and accommodate different factions
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Political parties in elections

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Candidate recruitment and nomination

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  • Responsible for recruiting and nominating candidates to run for elected office
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  • Involves a process of vetting, selection, and endorsement
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  • Parties seek candidates who align with their values and have a strong chance of winning
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  • Nomination processes can be competitive, with multiple candidates vying for the party's support
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Campaign support and resources

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  • Provide resources to support their candidates' campaigns
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  • Resources include funding, staff, expertise, and access to voter data
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  • Coordinate campaign messaging and strategy to ensure consistency across races
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  • May prioritize resources based on a candidate's viability and strategic importance
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Electoral mobilization strategies

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  • Engage in various forms of electoral mobilization to persuade and turn out voters
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  • Strategies include door-to-door canvassing, phone banking, and social media outreach
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  • Tailor messages and tactics to specific voter groups and geographic areas
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  • Aim to maximize turnout among supportive voters and persuade undecided or swing voters
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Electoral alliances and coalitions

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  • May form alliances or coalitions with other parties to maximize electoral chances
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  • Coalitions can be pre-electoral (agreeing to coordinate campaigns) or post-electoral (forming a government together)
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  • Alliances can help parties overcome electoral thresholds or geographic limitations
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  • Require compromise and negotiation on policy priorities and power-sharing arrangements
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Parties vs Interest groups

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Overlapping goals and collaboration

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  • Political parties and interest groups often have overlapping or complementary goals
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  • May work together to advance shared policy objectives
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  • Interest groups provide expertise, grassroots support, and financial resources to allied parties and candidates
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  • Parties benefit from the specialized knowledge and mobilization capacity of interest groups
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Financial support and influence

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  • Interest groups may provide financial support to parties or candidates who align with their interests
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  • Can take the form of direct contributions, independent expenditures, or in-kind support
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  • Financial support can give interest groups significant influence over party platforms and candidate positions
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  • Raises concerns about undue influence and the responsiveness of parties to narrow special interests
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Competitive or adversarial relationships

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  • The relationship between parties and interest groups can also be competitive or adversarial
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  • Occurs when their interests or policy positions diverge
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  • Parties may resist pressure from interest groups that conflict with their broader electoral or governing strategies
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  • Interest groups may withhold support or actively oppose parties that do not align with their priorities
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Transparency and accountability concerns

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  • The influence of interest groups on parties and the policy-making process can raise concerns
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  • Issues include transparency, accountability, and the disproportionate influence of well-resourced groups
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  • Parties may be seen as beholden to special interests rather than representing the broader public interest
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  • Calls for stronger regulation of lobbying, campaign finance, and the revolving door between government and interest groups
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Resources
Cram ModeAP Score CalculatorsStudy GuidesPractice QuizzesGlossaryCrisis Text LineRequest a Feature
© 2024 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved.
AP® and SAT® are trademarks registered by the College Board, which is not affiliated with, and does not endorse this website.
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