9.2 Programming drums using samplers and drum machines

Drum programming with samplers and drum machines is a cornerstone of electronic music production. These tools offer powerful features for creating intricate rhythms, from step sequencing to custom sample loading. They provide endless possibilities for crafting unique drum sounds and patterns.

Mastering drum machines and samplers opens up a world of rhythmic creativity. By understanding how to load samples, sequence patterns, and layer sounds, producers can build complex, dynamic drum tracks that form the backbone of their compositions.

Drum Programming with Samplers and Drum Machines

Features of drum machines and samplers

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• Hardware drum machines function as standalone units with built-in sequencers and sound engines (Roland TR-808, Akai MPC, Elektron Analog Rytm)
• Software drum machines and samplers operate as plugin-based instruments within digital audio workstations (DAWs) (Native Instruments Battery, XLN Audio Addictive Drums, FXpansion BFD)
• Offer step sequencing capabilities for creating intricate drum patterns
• Provide pad-based interfaces for intuitive triggering of drum sounds
• Allow loading and editing of custom drum samples
• Include built-in effects and processing options to shape and enhance the drum sounds
• Support MIDI connectivity for seamless integration with external controllers and synchronization with other devices or software

Loading samples in plugins

• Import various audio file formats (WAV, AIFF) into the sampler or drum machine plugin
• Map imported samples to specific pads or keys for easy triggering
• Trim and crop samples to isolate the desired portions of the audio
• Fine-tune sample start and end points for precise playback
• Apply fades to the beginnings and ends of samples to prevent unwanted clicks and pops
• Manipulate samples through pitch shifting to create variations in tone and character
• Utilize time stretching to alter the duration of samples without affecting their pitch
• Experiment with reverse playback to achieve unique and creative effects
• Layer multiple samples on a single pad to create rich and complex drum sounds
• Set up velocity sensitivity to trigger different samples based on the intensity of the playing, adding dynamic expressiveness to the performance

Sequencing drum patterns

• Create patterns by activating steps on a grid-based interface
• Adjust individual step parameters such as velocity and pitch to refine the groove and feel of the pattern
• Utilize step repeat and probability functions to introduce variations and unpredictability into the sequences
• Record patterns in real-time by playing the pads or keys, capturing the human feel and timing nuances
• Quantize recorded patterns to align them with the grid, ensuring precise timing and synchronization
• Overdub and replace individual drum hits or sections to refine and perfect the patterns
• Chain multiple patterns together to construct complete drum tracks and arrangements
• Incorporate pattern variations and fills to add interest and smooth transitions between sections
• Adjust pattern lengths and loop points to create evolving and dynamic drum performances

Layering for complex sounds

• Select samples with complementary frequency content to create a well-balanced layered sound (combining a deep kick with a punchy snare)
• Consider the attack, sustain, and release characteristics of each sample when layering to achieve the desired envelope shape
• Experiment with contrasting sample types, such as combining acoustic and electronic drum sounds, to create unique hybrid timbres
• Stack multiple samples on a single pad or trigger to build rich and complex drum hits
• Adjust the relative levels and panning of each layer to achieve the desired balance and stereo image
• Utilize velocity splits to transition smoothly between layers based on the playing dynamics, adding realism and expressiveness
• Apply EQ to shape the frequency balance of the layered sound, ensuring each component sits well in the mix
• Use compression to control the dynamics and glue the layers together, creating a cohesive and impactful sound
• Experiment with distortion, saturation, and other creative effects to add character and grit to the layered drum sound
• Render the layered sound as a new audio file through resampling or bouncing techniques
• Import the resampled sound back into the drum machine or sampler for further manipulation and integration into the drum kit