17.4 The Assault on American Indian Life and Culture
2 min read•june 24, 2024
U.S. government policies led to massive displacement of Native Americans. The , , and broken treaties forced tribes from ancestral lands. Violence, including and massacres, further pushed Native Americans onto reservations.
Assimilation efforts aimed to erase Native American cultures. stripped children of their heritage, while the broke up tribal lands. These policies caused intergenerational trauma and cultural loss that tribes still grapple with today.
U.S. Government Policies and Native American Displacement
Impact of U.S. policies on tribes
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NATIVE HISTORY ASSOCIATION - The Indian Removal Act of 1830 View original
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Top images from around the web for Impact of U.S. policies on tribes
Primary Source Images: Manifest Destiny | United States History I View original
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NATIVE HISTORY ASSOCIATION - The Indian Removal Act of 1830 View original
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Indian Removal | United States History 1 (OS Collection) View original
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Primary Source Images: Manifest Destiny | United States History I View original
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NATIVE HISTORY ASSOCIATION - The Indian Removal Act of 1830 View original
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Indian Removal Act (1830) authorized the president to negotiate removal treaties with Native American tribes, leading to the of thousands from their ancestral lands (, 1838-1839)
Reservation system confined tribes to designated areas with limited resources and poor living conditions, disrupting traditional hunting and gathering practices and ways of life
U.S. government violated or renegotiated treaties ( 1851 vs 1868) to acquire more Native American land as progressed
Concept of justified the displacement of Native Americans and expansion of U.S. territory
Role of violence in displacement
Indian Wars (1850s-1890s) were a series of conflicts between tribes and the U.S. military resulting in forced relocation and confinement to reservations
(1864) demonstrated the brutality used against Native Americans when U.S. military attacked a peaceful Cheyenne and Arapaho village in Colorado Territory
(1890) marked the end of the Indian Wars and completion of displacement when U.S. military killed hundreds of Lakota Sioux including women and children
Assimilation Efforts and Cultural Impacts
Effects of assimilation efforts
Government-funded boarding schools (late 19th-early 20th century) aimed to assimilate Native American children into white American culture by forcing them to abandon native languages, customs, and beliefs, eroding cultural identities and family structures
Dawes Act (1887) allotted reservation land to individual Native Americans to encourage farming and private ownership
Surplus land sold to white settlers further reduced Native American landholdings
Led to fragmentation of tribal communities and loss of traditional communal land use practices
Native American religious practices, ceremonies, and languages were often banned or discouraged
Traditional knowledge and skills lost as younger generations forced to adopt white American ways of life
Intergenerational trauma and loss of cultural identity are long-term impacts
Ongoing struggles for tribes to maintain sovereignty, land rights, and cultural heritage
Cultural Genocide and Assimilation
Forced policies aimed to eradicate Native American cultures and ways of life
system disrupted traditional communal land ownership and pushed for individual property rights
was undermined through government policies and court decisions
resulted from systematic efforts to destroy Native American cultures and identities