🧪 AP Chemistry

1.2

Mass Spectroscopy of Elements

1.3

Elemental Composition of Pure Substances

1.4

Composition of Mixtures

1.5

Atomic Structure and Electron Configuration

1.6

Photoelectron Spectroscopy

1.7

Periodic Trends

1.8

Valence Electrons and Ionic Compounds

Unit 2 – Molecular and Ionic Bonding

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2.0

Unit 2 Overview: Molecular and Ionic Compound Structure and Properties

2.1

Types of Chemical Bonds

2.2

Intramolecular Force and Potential Energy

2.3

Structure of Ionic Solids

2.4

Structure of Metals and Alloys

2.5

Lewis Diagrams

2.6

Resonance and Formal Charge

2.7

VSEPR and Bond Hybridization

Unit 3 – Intermolecular Forces and Properties

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3.0

Unit 3 Overview: Intermolecular Forces and Properties

12 min read

3.1

Intermolecular Forces

3.2

Properties of Solids

3.3

Solids, Liquids, and Gases

3.4

Ideal Gas Law

3.5

Kinetic Molecular Theory

3.6

Deviation from Ideal Gas Law

3.7

Solutions and Mixtures

3.8

Representations of Solutions

3.9

Separation of Solutions and Mixtures Chromatography

3.10

Solubility

3.11

Spectroscopy and the Electromagnetic Spectrum

3.12

Photoelectric Effect

3.13

Beer-Lambert Law

Unit 4 – Chemical Reactions

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4.0

Unit 4 Overview: Chemical Reactions

4.1

Introduction for Reactions

4.2

Net Ionic Equations

4.3

Representations of Reactions

4.4

Physical and Chemical Changes

4.5

Stoichiometry

4.6

Introduction to Titration

4.7

Types of Chemical Reactions

4.8

Introduction to Acid-Base Reactions

4.9

Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions

Unit 5 – Kinetics

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5.0

Unit 5 Overview: Kinetics

9 min read

5.1

Reaction Rates

5.2

Introduction to Rate Law

5.3

Concentration Changes Over Time

5.4

Elementary Reactions

5.5

Collision Model

5.6

Reaction Energy Profile

5.7

Introduction to Reaction Mechanisms

5.8

Reaction Mechanism and Rate Law

5.9

Steady-State Approximation

5.10

Multistep Reaction Energy Profile

5.11

Catalysis

Unit 6 – Thermochemistry

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6.0

Unit 6 Overview: Thermochemistry and Reaction Thermodynamics

6.1

Endothermic and Exothermic Processes

6.2

Energy Diagrams of Reactions

6.3

Kinetic Energy, Heat Transfer, and Thermal Equilibrium

6.4

Heat Capacity and Calorimetry

6.5

Phase Changes and Energy

6.6

Introduction to Enthalpy of Reaction

6.7

Bond Enthalpy and Bond Dissociation Energy

6.8

Enthalpies of Formation

6.9

Hess’s Law

Unit 7 – Equilibrium

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7.0

Unit 7 Overview: Equilibrium

10 min read

7.1

Introduction to Equilibrium

7.2

Direction of Reversible Reactions

7.3

Reaction Quotient and Equilibrium Constant

7.4

Calculating the Equilibrium Constant

7.5

Magnitude of the Equilibrium Constant

7.6

Properties of the Equilibrium Constant

7.7

Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations

7.8

Representations of Equilibrium

7.9

Introduction to Le Châtelier’s Principle

7.10

Reaction Quotient and Le Châtelier’s Principle

7.11

Introduction to Solubility Equilibria

7.12

Common Ion Effect

7.13

pH and Solubility

7.14

Free Energy of Dissolution

Unit 8 – Acids and Bases

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8.0

Unit 8 Overview: Acids and Bases

8.1

Introduction to Acids and Bases

8.2

pH and pOH of Strong Acids and Bases

8.3

Weak Acid and Base Equilibria

8.4

Acid-Base Reactions and Buffers

8.5

Acid-Base Titrations

8.6

Molecular Structures of Acids and Bases

8.7

pH and pKa

8.8

Properties of Buffers

8.9

Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation

8.10

Buffer Capacity

Unit 9 – Applications of Thermodynamics

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9.0

Unit 9 Review: Applications of Thermodynamics

9.1

Introduction to Entropy

9.2

Absolute Entropy and Entropy Change

9.3

Gibbs Free Energy and Thermodynamic Favorability

9.4

Thermodynamic and Kinetic Control

9.5

Free Energy and Equilibrium

9.6

Coupled Reactions

9.7

Galvanic (Voltaic) and Electrolytic Cells

9.8

Cell Potential and Free Energy

9.9

Cell Potential Under Nonstandard Conditions

9.10

Electrolysis and Faraday's Law

Study Tools

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Download AP Chemistry Cheat Sheet PDF Cram Chart

2024 AP Chemistry Exam Guide

13 min read

Subject Guides

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Introduction to AP Chemistry

AP Chemistry Essentials

Nomenclature

Exam Skills

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AP Chemistry Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

AP Chemistry Free Response Questions (FRQs)

Score Higher on AP Chemistry 2024: MCQ Tips from Students

Score Higher on AP Chemistry 2024: Tips for FRQ 1-3

Score Higher on AP Chemistry 2024: Tips for FRQ 4-7

Unit 1 FRQ (Photoelectron Spectroscopy) with Feedback

Frequently Asked Questions

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Study Guides for Every AP Chemistry Unit

Best AP Chem Quizlet Decks for Every Unit

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New Online AP Chemistry Study Guide - 2020 Changes

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AP Chemistry: Electron Shells, Sub-shells, and Orbitals