A Modest Proposal

Definition

A Modest Proposal is a satirical essay written by Jonathan Swift in 1729 that suggests an outrageous solution to the problem of poverty in Ireland by proposing that the impoverished Irish might ease their economic troubles by selling their children as food to wealthy gentlemen and ladies. This work highlights the desperation of the poor and criticizes British policy towards Ireland, using extreme irony to expose social injustices and provoke thoughtful discussion about morality and economics.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Swift's proposal was intended to shock readers by presenting an extreme solution, thereby emphasizing the dire situation of the Irish poor.
2. The essay employs a cold, calculated tone, mimicking economic treatises of the time, which adds to its satirical impact.
3. The reaction to A Modest Proposal was mixed; while many recognized it as a critique of British exploitation, others took it literally, showcasing the difficulty in addressing such harsh realities.
4. Swift's use of irony serves not just for humor but as a powerful tool to provoke serious reflection on societal issues.
5. The essay remains a classic example of how literature can serve as a form of protest against social injustice and governmental neglect.

Review Questions

• How does Jonathan Swift utilize satire in A Modest Proposal to comment on societal issues?
  • In A Modest Proposal, Jonathan Swift employs satire by suggesting that the impoverished Irish should sell their children for food. This shocking suggestion highlights the extreme poverty and suffering faced by many in Ireland while simultaneously critiquing the indifference of British policymakers. By using this outrageous proposal, Swift forces readers to confront the real issues of poverty and governmental neglect without directly advocating for such an immoral act.
• Discuss how irony is used in A Modest Proposal and its effect on the reader's understanding of Swift's intentions.
  • Irony is central to A Modest Proposal, as Swift presents his argument in a rational and unemotional manner that starkly contrasts with the horrific nature of his suggestion. This juxtaposition forces readers to recognize the absurdity of the proposal itself while understanding that Swift's true intention is to critique British exploitation and highlight social injustice. The effective use of irony engages readers in critical thinking about serious topics, prompting them to question societal norms and government actions.
• Evaluate the impact of A Modest Proposal on contemporary views of poverty and social responsibility in Ireland and beyond.
  • A Modest Proposal has had a lasting impact on contemporary views regarding poverty and social responsibility, serving as a powerful reminder of the extremes to which societal neglect can lead. By employing shock value through satire, Swift challenges readers to reconsider their perspectives on government policies and moral responsibilities towards the less fortunate. The essay continues to resonate today as a call for empathy and action against social injustice, inspiring modern discussions around poverty alleviation and ethical governance.

Related terms

Satire: A literary genre that uses humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to criticize or mock societal norms, politics, or individuals.

Irony: A rhetorical device where the intended meaning is opposite to the literal meaning, often highlighting the absurdity of a situation.

Social Commentary: The act of using rhetorical means to provide insight into social issues, often with the goal of instigating change or raising awareness.