A Modest Proposal

Definition

'A Modest Proposal' is a satirical essay written by Jonathan Swift in 1729 that suggests solving poverty in Ireland by offering the impoverished Irish as a food source for the wealthy. This shocking suggestion serves as a critique of British policy and social attitudes towards the Irish, illustrating the characteristics of Enlightenment thought through reasoned argumentation and an appeal to the public's sense of morality and ethics.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. 'A Modest Proposal' employs extreme irony as Swift proposes a grotesque solution to the very real problem of poverty in Ireland.
2. The essay critiques not only British exploitation but also the indifference of wealthy English landowners toward the suffering of the Irish poor.
3. Swift uses rational arguments and economic reasoning to present his absurd proposal, which serves to emphasize the failures of contemporary social policies.
4. The work reflects Enlightenment characteristics by applying reason and satire to provoke thought about moral responsibility and social injustice.
5. Swift’s use of a detached and formal tone throughout the essay contrasts sharply with the shocking content, enhancing its satirical impact.

Review Questions

• How does Swift use irony in 'A Modest Proposal' to convey his message about social injustice?
  • In 'A Modest Proposal', Swift utilizes irony by suggesting that the solution to poverty is to consume the poor, which highlights the absurdity of ignoring their suffering. This extreme proposition forces readers to confront their own apathy and the inhumanity of society's treatment towards the impoverished. By presenting such a shocking idea in a serious manner, Swift underscores the failure of social policies and provokes a critical examination of moral responsibility.
• Discuss how 'A Modest Proposal' exemplifies characteristics of Enlightenment literature through its argumentation and themes.
  • 'A Modest Proposal' exemplifies Enlightenment literature by utilizing reasoned arguments to critique societal issues. Swift employs logical rhetoric to present his grotesque suggestion, which challenges readers to reconsider their views on poverty and economic inequality. The essay’s emphasis on rationality over emotion reflects Enlightenment ideals, while its satirical approach calls for moral reflection on societal norms and government policies regarding the Irish populace.
• Evaluate the impact of 'A Modest Proposal' on both its contemporary audience and modern readers in terms of understanding social satire.
  • 'A Modest Proposal' had a profound impact on its contemporary audience by forcing them to confront uncomfortable truths about poverty and British exploitation in Ireland. For modern readers, it remains a powerful example of social satire that transcends its time; it illustrates how satire can provoke thought and inspire change by highlighting moral failings in society. The enduring relevance of Swift's work continues to resonate today, encouraging critical analysis of socio-economic disparities and governmental responsibilities.

Related terms

Satire: 'Satire' is a literary genre that uses humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to criticize and expose folly or corruption in individuals, institutions, or society at large.

Irony: 'Irony' refers to a literary technique where the intended meaning is different from the actual meaning, often highlighting discrepancies between appearance and reality.

Rhetoric: 'Rhetoric' is the art of persuasive speaking or writing, particularly through effective use of language and argumentation in literature.