Adaptive radiation is an evolutionary process where organisms rapidly diversify into multiple new forms especially when environmental conditions change creating new opportunities (niches).
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Natural Selection: This is the process by which certain inherited traits become more common over generations due to those traits increasing an organism's chance of survival and reproduction.
Ecological Niche: The role and position a species has in its environment; how it meets its needs for food and shelter, how it survives, and how it reproduces.
Speciation: This is the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species.