Genetic variation refers to differences in the genetic makeup among individuals within a population or species due to mutation, gene flow, sexual reproduction etc., which is essential for evolution by natural selection.
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Mutation: A change in the DNA sequence that can introduce new genetic variation.
Gene Flow: The transfer of genes from one population to another, increasing genetic variation in the receiving population.
Sexual Reproduction: The process by which offspring are produced from two parents, contributing to genetic variation through recombination and segregation of genes.