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pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. It's calculated as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
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Acid: A substance that donates protons or hydrogen ions and/or accepts electrons.
Base: A substance that can accept protons or donate a pair of valence electrons.
Neutralization Reaction: A chemical reaction in which an acid and base react quantitatively with each other to produce water and a salt.