A spontaneous reaction is one that can occur without any external input once it has started. These reactions are thermodynamically favorable and often release energy in some form.
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Entropy: A measure of the disorder or randomness in a system. Spontaneous reactions often lead to an increase in entropy.
Gibbs Free Energy: This is a thermodynamic potential that measures the maximum reversible work that a system can perform at constant temperature and pressure. If Gibbs free energy is negative, the reaction will be spontaneous.
Exothermic Reaction: A type of chemical reaction where heat is released. Many spontaneous reactions are exothermic.