Push Factors: Push factors are circumstances or conditions in an individual's current location (such as poverty or political instability) that encourage them to leave and migrate elsewhere.
Pull Factors: Pull factors are circumstances or conditions in another location (such as job opportunities or better living conditions) that attract individuals and encourage them to migrate there.
Net Migration Rate: Net migration rate is calculated by subtracting the number of emigrants (people leaving) from the number of immigrants (people entering) in a specific geographic area over a given period of time. It helps determine the overall migration trend for that area.