Transformation refers to the process of changing or converting something from one form, state, or condition to another. In the context of geography, it specifically refers to the conversion of natural environments into built environments.
Related terms
Urbanization: The process by which an increasing proportion of a population lives in cities and urban areas.
Industrialization: The development and growth of industries in a region or country.
Land use change: The alteration or modification of how land is utilized for various purposes such as agriculture, residential areas, commercial spaces, etc.