Transformation

Definition

Transformation is a process where prokaryotic cells take up foreign DNA from their environment. This can lead to genetic variation and new traits in the recipient cells.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Transformation was first observed in Streptococcus pneumoniae by Frederick Griffith in 1928.
2. It often involves the uptake of plasmids, which are small, circular DNA molecules.
3. Transformation can confer antibiotic resistance to bacteria.
4. Competent cells are bacterial cells that are able to take up foreign DNA during transformation.
5. Natural transformation is a common mechanism of horizontal gene transfer among prokaryotes.

Review Questions

• What is the significance of transformation in bacterial genetics?
• How does a bacterium become 'competent' for transformation?
• What role did Frederick Griffith play in the discovery of transformation?

Related terms

Horizontal Gene Transfer: The movement of genetic material between organisms other than through vertical inheritance (parent to offspring).

Plasmid: A small, circular piece of DNA that replicates independently within bacterial cells.

Competence: The ability of a cell to take up extracellular DNA from its environment.