Separation of Powers: This term refers to dividing governmental power among three branches - legislative, executive, and judicial - to prevent any one branch from becoming too dominant.
Federalism: Federalism is a system where power is shared between a central government and state governments. It helps maintain checks on governmental power by distributing authority between different levels.
Judicial Review: Judicial review is the ability of courts, especially the Supreme Court, to interpret laws and determine if they are constitutional or not. It acts as a check on legislation passed by Congress.