Civil Rights Act of 1964: This act prohibited discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin in various aspects of public life.
Jim Crow Laws: These were state and local laws enforced from the late 19th century to the mid-20th century that enforced racial segregation and denied equal rights to African Americans.
Affirmative Action: This refers to policies aimed at increasing opportunities for historically disadvantaged groups by considering their race or ethnicity in areas such as education and employment.