Feudalism: A social system prevalent in medieval Europe where landowners granted land or protection in exchange for labor or military service.
Mercantilism: An economic system adopted by European nations during the Renaissance and colonial period that aimed to maximize their wealth through trade, colonization, and accumulation of precious metals.
Enlightenment: A philosophical movement in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason, science, and individual freedom. It had a profound impact on various aspects of European society, including politics, religion, and education.