Achilles

Definition

Achilles is a legendary hero of Greek mythology, primarily known from Homer's 'Iliad.' He is depicted as the greatest warrior of the Trojan War and is characterized by his unmatched strength, martial prowess, and a complex personality that embodies themes of glory, wrath, and mortality. Achilles’ story highlights significant mythological themes, such as the hero's journey, the consequences of pride, and the inevitability of fate.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Achilles was known for his near invincibility due to his mother dipping him in the River Styx, leaving only his heel vulnerable.
2. His wrath after the death of his close friend Patroclus leads to his return to battle and ultimately to Hector's death.
3. Achilles' conflict with Agamemnon over honor and war spoils illustrates key themes of pride and the personal costs of war.
4. The term 'Achilles' heel' has entered modern language to signify a critical vulnerability despite overall strength.
5. In Greek mythology, Achilles is prophesied to die young but achieve eternal glory through his heroic deeds in battle.

Review Questions

• How does Achilles embody the major themes of heroism and mortality in Greek mythology?
  • Achilles represents heroism through his extraordinary combat skills and status as the mightiest warrior in the Trojan War. However, his character also grapples with mortality, especially as he faces the knowledge that his fate involves an early death yet lasting glory. This duality showcases how Greek mythology often intertwines valor with vulnerability, highlighting that even the greatest heroes are subject to fate.
• In what ways do Achilles’ relationships with other characters influence the narrative of the Trojan War in Greek mythology?
  • Achilles' relationships significantly shape the narrative, particularly his bond with Patroclus, whose death prompts Achilles to return to battle. This act not only fuels personal vengeance against Hector but also reflects themes of friendship and loss. Additionally, his conflict with Agamemnon over honor underscores how personal disputes can escalate into broader conflicts in war, impacting all involved.
• Evaluate how Achilles’ character reflects cultural values of ancient Greece regarding honor, pride, and fate.
  • Achilles embodies ancient Greek values through his intense sense of honor and pride, driving him to seek glory on the battlefield. His internal struggles reveal how these cultural ideals can lead to tragic outcomes. By facing inevitable fate despite his strength, Achilles illustrates that heroism comes with both revered status and personal sacrifice, challenging readers to consider the complexities of bravery and the human condition within their societal context.

Related terms

Trojan War: A legendary conflict between the city of Troy and the Achaeans (Greeks), sparked by the abduction of Helen, which serves as the backdrop for Achilles' story.

Hector: The prince of Troy and the greatest warrior for the Trojans during the Trojan War, who becomes Achilles' most significant rival.

Thetis: Achilles' mother, a sea nymph who plays a critical role in his life, including attempting to protect him from his destined fate.