Ara Pacis

Definition

The Ara Pacis, or Altar of Peace, is an ancient Roman monument dedicated to Pax, the Roman goddess of peace. Commissioned by the Roman Senate in 13 BCE to honor Emperor Augustus and celebrate his return from the provinces, it symbolizes the peace and prosperity that Augustus brought to Rome. This monument is also significant for its elaborate relief sculptures that depict historical and mythological scenes, illustrating the ideals of Augustus' reign and his connection to the divine.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Ara Pacis was completed in 9 BCE and served as a public altar for sacrifices and rituals dedicated to Pax.
2. Its exterior is adorned with intricate reliefs that depict scenes of both historical events and mythological figures, emphasizing the importance of family and prosperity.
3. The altar is an example of how art was used as a political tool during Augustus' reign to promote his image and the stability he brought to Rome.
4. The Ara Pacis was originally located in the Campus Martius, an area significant for public ceremonies and celebrations.
5. In the 20th century, the monument was reconstructed and placed in a modern museum designed by architect Richard Meier, showcasing its historical importance.

Review Questions

• How does the Ara Pacis reflect the political climate of Rome during Augustus' reign?
  • The Ara Pacis serves as a reflection of the political climate during Augustus' reign by celebrating the peace and stability he established after years of civil war. The imagery on the altar conveys Augustus' role as a leader who brought prosperity to Rome, which was a central theme in his political agenda. The relief sculptures not only illustrate historical events but also connect Augustus with divine authority, reinforcing his legitimacy as emperor.
• Discuss the artistic techniques used in the relief sculptures of the Ara Pacis and their significance.
  • The relief sculptures of the Ara Pacis employ intricate carving techniques that create depth and detail, enhancing narrative elements within each scene. These high-relief carvings utilize naturalistic representations of figures and drapery, showcasing advancements in Roman sculptural practices. The significance lies in how these artistic choices contribute to conveying themes of peace, family values, and Augustus’ divine connection, which were crucial for his propaganda efforts.
• Evaluate the long-term impact of the Ara Pacis on subsequent Roman art and architecture.
  • The Ara Pacis had a lasting impact on Roman art and architecture by setting standards for monumental altars and public commemorative structures. Its blend of political messaging through art influenced future emperors who sought to legitimize their rule through similar monumental projects. Moreover, its stylistic elements inspired later Roman sculpture by emphasizing narrative content, naturalism, and idealized forms, which became hallmarks of imperial art throughout the empire's history.

Related terms

Pax Romana: A period of relative peace and stability across the Roman Empire, lasting approximately from 27 BCE to 180 CE, initiated by Augustus.

Relief Sculpture: A sculptural technique where the sculpted elements remain attached to a solid background of the same material, often used in ancient monuments to convey narratives.

Augustan Art: The art style that emerged during the reign of Emperor Augustus, characterized by a focus on idealized forms and themes that promote Augustus' political agenda.