Ara Pacis

Definition

The Ara Pacis, or Altar of Peace, is an ancient Roman monument dedicated to Pax, the goddess of peace. It was commissioned by the Roman Senate in 13 BCE to celebrate the return of Emperor Augustus from his campaigns in Hispania and Gaul and symbolizes the peace and prosperity brought about during his reign. This monumental structure serves as an important example of public art in ancient Rome, reflecting the political and cultural values of the time.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Ara Pacis was constructed between 13 BCE and 9 BCE and is located in Rome, Italy.
2. It features intricate reliefs depicting mythological scenes and historical figures, emphasizing the moral virtues promoted by Augustus.
3. The altar itself is made of Carrara marble, known for its high quality and fine grain, which allowed for detailed carvings.
4. The structure was originally located in a public space near the Campus Martius and served as a place for sacrifices and ceremonies dedicated to peace.
5. The Ara Pacis was rediscovered in the early 20th century and has since been reconstructed and housed in a modern museum designed by architect Richard Meier.

Review Questions

• How does the Ara Pacis reflect the political ideals of Augustus's reign?
  • The Ara Pacis embodies the political ideals of Augustus's reign by celebrating the peace and prosperity he brought to Rome after years of civil war. The reliefs on the altar depict both mythological figures and members of Augustus's family, reinforcing his image as a leader chosen by the gods. By commissioning this monumental structure, Augustus sought to legitimize his rule and promote values like piety and stability, making it a powerful symbol of his governance.
• Analyze how the artistic elements of the Ara Pacis contribute to its message of peace and stability.
  • The artistic elements of the Ara Pacis play a crucial role in conveying its message of peace and stability. The detailed relief sculptures depict scenes that celebrate both mythological narratives and historical events that highlight Augustus's achievements. The naturalistic style and harmonious composition of these artworks evoke a sense of order and tranquility, reinforcing the idea that Augustus’s leadership fosters an era of peace, known as Pax Romana. This deliberate choice in artistic representation ensures that visitors to the altar perceive it as a celebration of peace under Augustus's rule.
• Evaluate the cultural significance of the Ara Pacis in the context of ancient Roman public art and its influence on later artistic movements.
  • The cultural significance of the Ara Pacis lies in its role as a quintessential example of ancient Roman public art, merging political propaganda with artistic innovation. Its emphasis on relief sculpture set a standard for future monumental works, influencing Renaissance artists who sought to revive classical themes. By showcasing Augustus's divine connection and promoting civic virtue through art, the Ara Pacis established a precedent for using public monuments as tools for shaping national identity, which resonated throughout history in various artistic movements that followed.

Related terms

Pax Romana: A period of relative peace and stability across the Roman Empire that lasted approximately from 27 BCE to 180 CE, initiated by Augustus.

Relief Sculpture: A sculptural technique where the figures project from a background, often used in ancient monuments like the Ara Pacis to tell stories and convey messages.

Augustan Art: The style of art that emerged during the reign of Augustus, characterized by idealized forms and themes celebrating the emperor's achievements and divine lineage.