Capabilities Approach

Definition

The capabilities approach is a theoretical framework that emphasizes the importance of individual capabilities and freedoms in assessing well-being and social justice. It focuses on what people are actually able to do and be, rather than just the resources or opportunities available to them. This approach connects ethical considerations to economic and social policies by highlighting the need for individuals to have the freedom to pursue a life they value.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The capabilities approach was developed by economist Amartya Sen in the late 20th century as a response to limitations in traditional welfare economics that focused solely on utility or income.
2. This framework highlights the distinction between 'means' (resources) and 'ends' (capabilities), arguing that individuals need a range of capabilities to lead fulfilling lives.
3. The capabilities approach has been influential in shaping international development policies by emphasizing human development and well-being over mere economic growth.
4. It encourages policymakers to consider inequalities in capabilities when assessing social justice, urging them to create conditions that enable individuals to flourish.
5. The approach has also influenced various fields beyond economics, including philosophy, gender studies, and health care ethics, by broadening the understanding of well-being.

Review Questions

• How does the capabilities approach differ from traditional welfare economics in terms of assessing individual well-being?
  • The capabilities approach differs from traditional welfare economics by shifting the focus from mere utility or income to what individuals can actually do and be with their resources. While welfare economics often measures success through material wealth or consumption levels, the capabilities approach emphasizes the importance of personal freedoms and opportunities. This broader perspective acknowledges that two individuals with the same resources may experience different levels of well-being based on their unique circumstances and choices.
• Discuss how the capabilities approach can inform policy decisions related to social justice and equality.
  • The capabilities approach can significantly inform policy decisions related to social justice by emphasizing the need for equitable access to opportunities that enhance individual capabilities. By assessing what individuals can realistically achieve within their socio-economic contexts, policymakers can identify gaps and barriers that hinder personal development. This understanding allows for targeted interventions that promote equality and empower individuals, ensuring that all members of society have the means to pursue lives they value.
• Evaluate the implications of adopting the capabilities approach in international development efforts and its potential impact on global inequalities.
  • Adopting the capabilities approach in international development efforts has profound implications for addressing global inequalities. By prioritizing human well-being over economic growth, this framework advocates for policies that empower individuals by expanding their capabilities, particularly in marginalized communities. This shift can lead to more effective development strategies that not only reduce poverty but also enhance education, health care access, and political participation. Ultimately, focusing on capabilities could transform how countries tackle issues of inequality, promoting sustainable development that respects human dignity.

Related terms

Functionings: Functionings refer to the various things a person may value doing or being, such as being healthy, educated, or engaged in social activities.

Social Justice: Social justice is the fair distribution of resources, opportunities, and privileges within a society, ensuring that everyone has access to basic rights and services.

Welfare Economics: Welfare economics is a branch of economics that evaluates the economic well-being of individuals and societies, often focusing on efficiency and equity in resource distribution.