Potential energy

Definition

Potential energy is the stored energy in an object or system due to its position, arrangement, or state. In biological systems, it often refers to the energy stored in chemical bonds that can be released during metabolic processes.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Potential energy in biological systems is mainly stored in chemical bonds of molecules like ATP and glucose.
2. The potential energy in ATP is released when its phosphate bonds are broken during hydrolysis.
3. Cells convert potential energy into kinetic energy to perform work, such as muscle contraction and active transport.
4. Potential energy is a key component of free energy calculations (Gibbs free energy) which determine the spontaneity of biochemical reactions.
5. The conversion of potential to kinetic energy drives many cellular processes, including enzyme activity and cellular respiration.

Review Questions

• What is the primary source of potential energy in biological systems?
• How does the cell use potential energy stored in ATP?
• Why is potential energy important for understanding Gibbs free energy?

Related terms

Kinetic Energy: Energy associated with the motion of objects or particles.

Free Energy: The portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature and pressure are uniform.

Activation Energy: The minimum amount of energy required to initiate a chemical reaction.