Potential energy

Definition

Potential energy is the stored energy of an object due to its position in a force field, such as gravitational or electrostatic. It has the potential to do work when released.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Potential energy is often calculated using the formula $PE = mgh$ for gravitational potential energy, where $m$ is mass, $g$ is acceleration due to gravity, and $h$ is height.
2. In thermochemistry, potential energy changes are crucial in understanding endothermic and exothermic reactions.
3. Potential energy can be converted into kinetic energy when the object's position changes.
4. Chemical bonds store potential energy; breaking and forming these bonds involve changes in this stored energy.
5. The unit of measurement for potential energy in the International System (SI) is Joules (J).

Review Questions

• What formula is used to calculate gravitational potential energy?
• How does potential energy relate to chemical reactions?
• What happens to potential energy when it is converted into kinetic energy?

Related terms

Kinetic Energy: The energy an object possesses due to its motion.

Thermochemistry: The study of the heat involved in chemical reactions and physical transformations.

Endothermic Reaction: A chemical reaction that absorbs heat from its surroundings.