Second wave feminism

Definition

Second wave feminism refers to the feminist movement that emerged in the 1960s and continued into the 1980s, focusing on issues such as gender equality, reproductive rights, and workplace discrimination. This phase of feminism expanded the scope of feminist activism beyond the legal inequalities addressed in the first wave, aiming to challenge cultural norms and social practices that perpetuated women's oppression. It brought significant attention to women's voices in media, especially in relation to representation and the portrayal of women's issues.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Second wave feminism was influenced by broader social movements of the time, including civil rights and anti-war protests, which encouraged activism across various social justice issues.
2. Key legal changes during this era included the passage of laws that prohibited sex discrimination in employment and education, such as Title IX in 1972.
3. This wave of feminism introduced significant cultural critiques, particularly regarding traditional gender roles portrayed in media, leading to more nuanced representations of women.
4. Major publications like 'The Feminine Mystique' by Betty Friedan helped spark national conversations about women's dissatisfaction with societal expectations and domestic roles.
5. The impact of second wave feminism can still be seen today in ongoing discussions about gender pay gaps, sexual harassment policies, and women's reproductive rights.

Review Questions

• How did second wave feminism expand upon the achievements of first wave feminism?
  • Second wave feminism built on the groundwork laid by first wave feminism by addressing not only legal inequalities but also cultural and societal norms that restricted women's freedom. While first wave feminists primarily focused on suffrage and legal rights, second wave feminists tackled a broader range of issues including reproductive rights, sexuality, and workplace discrimination. This shift allowed for a more comprehensive understanding of women's liberation as it examined how societal expectations shaped women's lives.
• What role did media representation play in second wave feminism's goals and achievements?
  • Media representation was crucial for second wave feminism as it sought to challenge and change the way women were portrayed in television, film, and advertising. Feminists advocated for more authentic depictions that reflected women's real experiences rather than perpetuating stereotypes. This push for better representation not only raised awareness about women's issues but also influenced public perception and acceptance of feminist ideals within mainstream culture.
• Evaluate the lasting impact of second wave feminism on contemporary gender discussions and policies.
  • The impact of second wave feminism is evident in today's ongoing conversations about gender equality and women's rights. The movement laid the foundation for current debates surrounding issues like pay equity, workplace harassment, and reproductive autonomy. Additionally, its emphasis on intersectionality has led to a more inclusive approach to gender issues, recognizing how various forms of identity can affect one's experience with oppression. As a result, second wave feminism continues to inspire activism and policy changes aimed at achieving true equality.

Related terms

Women's Liberation Movement: A broad movement during the 1960s and 1970s that sought to achieve equality for women in various aspects of life, including employment, education, and reproductive rights.

Intersectionality: A concept developed by Kimberlé Crenshaw that examines how different social identities, such as race, class, and gender, intersect to create unique modes of discrimination and privilege.

Gender Equality: The state of equal access to rights and opportunities regardless of gender, focusing on eliminating disparities in various sectors such as education, employment, and political representation.