Democracy

Definition

Democracy is a system of government in which power is vested in the people, who exercise that power directly or through elected representatives. This form of governance emphasizes the principles of equality, participation, and individual rights, allowing citizens to have a voice in political decision-making. It often includes features such as free and fair elections, rule of law, and protection of minority rights, which all contribute to its effectiveness and legitimacy.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. In ancient Greece, particularly Athens, democracy was first practiced where citizens participated directly in decision-making through assemblies.
2. The French Revolution was largely driven by demands for democratic ideals, challenging the monarchy and leading to the establishment of a republic.
3. Democracy can take different forms; direct democracy allows citizens to vote on policies themselves, while representative democracy involves electing officials to make decisions on behalf of the populace.
4. The principle of 'majority rule' is central to democratic systems, but it must be balanced with protections for minority rights to prevent oppression.
5. Modern democracies often incorporate constitutional frameworks that define the structure of government and protect individual freedoms against potential abuses of power.

Review Questions

• How did the concept of democracy in ancient Greece influence modern democratic systems?
  • The concept of democracy in ancient Greece, especially in Athens, laid the groundwork for modern democratic systems by introducing key ideas such as citizen participation and the importance of public debate. Citizens had the right to speak and vote on legislation directly, which emphasized equality and collective decision-making. This model has influenced contemporary representative democracies where elected officials represent citizens' interests while maintaining democratic principles.
• In what ways did the French Revolution challenge existing monarchical structures and promote democratic ideals?
  • The French Revolution challenged monarchical authority by promoting democratic ideals such as liberty, equality, and fraternity. The revolutionaries sought to dismantle the feudal system and establish a government accountable to the people. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen proclaimed that sovereignty belonged to the nation rather than the king, thereby laying a foundation for modern democratic principles that advocate for popular sovereignty and civil rights.
• Evaluate how the implementation of democratic principles during both ancient Greece and the French Revolution has shaped current global attitudes towards governance and individual rights.
  • The implementation of democratic principles during ancient Greece and the French Revolution has profoundly shaped contemporary global attitudes towards governance and individual rights. These historical movements inspired later revolutions and reforms worldwide, promoting ideas like universal suffrage, rule of law, and human rights as foundational components of legitimate governance. As nations strive for democracy today, they draw on these historical examples to advocate for systems that prioritize citizen engagement and protect individual freedoms against tyranny.

Related terms

Republic: A form of government in which the country is considered a 'public matter' and is not the private concern of the rulers, often characterized by elected officials and an emphasis on the rule of law.

Suffrage: The right to vote in political elections, which is a fundamental aspect of democracy as it enables citizens to participate in the decision-making process.

Citizen Participation: The active engagement of individuals in the political process, including voting, campaigning, and civic involvement, which is crucial for a healthy democracy.