Satire

Definition

Satire is a literary genre that uses humor, irony, and exaggeration to criticize or mock individuals, institutions, or societal norms. It often aims to provoke thought and inspire change by highlighting the flaws and absurdities in its targets. During the Enlightenment, satire became a powerful tool for writers and philosophers to challenge established authority and promote rational thought through clever social commentary.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Satire gained significant prominence during the Enlightenment as writers sought to critique traditional authority and promote reason and individualism.
2. Notable satirists like Jonathan Swift and Voltaire used satire to expose the hypocrisy and corruption in politics, religion, and society.
3. The use of exaggeration is a key technique in satire, allowing writers to highlight the ridiculous aspects of their subjects and provoke a reaction from readers.
4. Satirical works often employ a variety of forms, including essays, plays, poems, and novels, showcasing the versatility of the genre.
5. Enlightenment satire not only entertained but also served as a vehicle for social reform by encouraging readers to reflect on moral and ethical issues.

Review Questions

• How did satire serve as a tool for Enlightenment thinkers in their critique of society?
  • Satire allowed Enlightenment thinkers to challenge societal norms and criticize established authorities by using humor and irony. Writers like Jonathan Swift employed satire to highlight the absurdities of political corruption and religious hypocrisy. By exposing these flaws in a humorous manner, they engaged their audience and encouraged critical reflection on important social issues, thus fostering an environment that valued reason and rational thought.
• Analyze the impact of Jonathan Swift's 'A Modest Proposal' as a satirical work during the Enlightenment period.
  • 'A Modest Proposal' is a prime example of Swift's masterful use of satire to address serious social issues, specifically poverty and overpopulation in Ireland. By suggesting that impoverished parents sell their children as food to wealthy gentlemen, Swift shockingly highlights the indifference of British policy toward the suffering Irish population. This exaggerated proposal forces readers to confront the moral implications of their societal attitudes and responses to poverty, showcasing how satire can provoke thought and inspire change.
• Evaluate the long-term effects of satire from the Enlightenment on contemporary society's approach to social issues.
  • The legacy of Enlightenment satire continues to resonate in contemporary society by influencing how we critique social issues through humor and irony. Modern satirists often address political corruption, environmental concerns, and cultural norms using techniques established by their Enlightenment predecessors. This approach not only entertains but also fosters public discourse and encourages engagement with complex social problems, emphasizing that satire remains an essential tool for social commentary and change in today's world.

Related terms

Irony: A rhetorical device where the intended meaning of words is different from their literal meaning, often used in satire to create humor or emphasize a point.

Parody: A humorous imitation of a particular style or genre, often exaggerated for comedic effect, which can also serve as a form of satire.

Social Commentary: The act of using rhetorical means to provide opinions on issues in society, often reflected in satirical works that critique social norms and practices.