Great migration

Definition

The great migration refers to the mass movement of African Americans from the rural Southern United States to urban areas in the North and West during the early to mid-20th century. This movement was driven by various factors, including the search for better economic opportunities, escaping Jim Crow laws, and seeking a more promising future. It significantly influenced music styles, especially the blues and early popular songs, as these cultural shifts brought new sounds and artists into urban centers.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The great migration occurred in two main waves: the first wave from around 1916 to 1940 and the second wave from 1941 to 1970, resulting in millions relocating.
2. Cities like Chicago, Detroit, New York, and Philadelphia saw significant increases in their African American populations due to this migration.
3. This movement led to the emergence of vibrant cultural hubs where musical genres like blues and jazz flourished, influenced by the experiences of migrants.
4. The music industry began to recognize the potential market for African American music during this period, leading to a broader acceptance of genres like blues and jazz in mainstream culture.
5. The great migration had lasting social and cultural impacts, reshaping not only music but also politics, community structures, and civil rights movements.

Review Questions

• How did the great migration influence the development of blues music in urban areas?
  • The great migration played a crucial role in shaping blues music as it brought large numbers of African Americans into urban centers where they could share their musical traditions. The struggles faced by migrants in cities contributed to the lyrical themes of blues, reflecting their experiences of hardship and resilience. This convergence of talent in urban areas led to a vibrant blues scene that laid the groundwork for future musical developments.
• In what ways did Tin Pan Alley capitalize on the cultural changes brought by the great migration?
  • Tin Pan Alley capitalized on the cultural shifts initiated by the great migration by recognizing the growing popularity of African American music styles. Songwriters and publishers began incorporating blues influences into their compositions, catering to a wider audience that was increasingly interested in diverse sounds. This blend not only expanded Tin Pan Alley's repertoire but also helped bridge gaps between different musical cultures in America.
• Evaluate the long-term impacts of the great migration on American music and society as a whole.
  • The long-term impacts of the great migration on American music and society are profound. It not only led to the birth and popularization of genres like blues and jazz but also fostered a sense of cultural identity among African Americans. This movement contributed to significant social changes, including increased visibility for civil rights issues as musicians used their platforms to address societal challenges. The cultural exchanges that occurred during this time set the stage for future musical innovations and civil rights advancements.

Related terms

Blues: A music genre originating from African American communities, characterized by its expressive melodies and themes of struggle, sorrow, and resilience.

Jazz: A genre of music that emerged in the early 20th century, blending African American musical traditions with European influences, known for its improvisation and swing.

Tin Pan Alley: A nickname for the collection of New York City music publishers and songwriters who dominated popular music in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.