Pituitary gland

Definition

The pituitary gland is a small, pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain that plays a crucial role in regulating hormones and various physiological processes. It is often referred to as the 'master gland' because it controls other glands in the endocrine system.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The pituitary gland consists of two main parts: the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe, each responsible for different hormone secretions.
2. Autoimmune disorders can target the pituitary gland, leading to conditions such as hypophysitis, which causes inflammation of the gland.
3. Pituitary insufficiency due to autoimmune attack can result in secondary adrenal insufficiency, affecting cortisol production.
4. Autoimmune-related damage to the pituitary can disrupt growth hormone levels, leading to various developmental issues.
5. Diagnosis of autoimmune disorders affecting the pituitary often involves imaging studies like MRI and measurement of hormone levels.

Review Questions

• What are the two main parts of the pituitary gland and their functions?
• How can autoimmune disorders affect the function of the pituitary gland?
• What diagnostic methods are used to identify autoimmune disorders impacting the pituitary?

Related terms

Endocrine System: A network of glands that produce and release hormones to regulate various bodily functions.

Hypophysitis: Inflammation of the pituitary gland, often caused by an autoimmune response.

Adrenal Insufficiency: A condition where adrenal glands do not produce sufficient steroid hormones, potentially resulting from pituitary dysfunction.