Pituitary gland

Definition

The pituitary gland is a small, pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain that regulates various hormonal functions. It is often referred to as the 'master gland' because it controls several other hormone glands in the endocrine system.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The pituitary gland has two main parts: the anterior pituitary and the posterior pituitary, each releasing different hormones.
2. Hormones released by the anterior pituitary include growth hormone (GH), prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and gonadotropins (LH and FSH).
3. The posterior pituitary releases oxytocin and vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone, ADH).
4. Pituitary disorders can lead to conditions such as gigantism, acromegaly, and Cushing's disease.
5. Pharmacological treatments targeting the pituitary gland often involve hormone replacement or suppression therapy depending on whether there is hypo- or hypersecretion of hormones.

Review Questions

• What are the two main parts of the pituitary gland and what hormones do they release?
• How does a disorder in the pituitary gland affect hormonal balance in the body?
• What are some common pharmacological treatments for disorders associated with the pituitary gland?

Related terms

Hypothalamus: A region of the brain that controls an array of autonomic functions and links the nervous system to the endocrine system via its connection with the pituitary gland.

Adrenal Cortex: The outer portion of the adrenal glands that produces steroid hormones such as cortisol, aldosterone, and androgen precursors.

Endocrine System: A collection of glands that produce hormones regulating metabolism, growth, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, mood, and more.