Insulin

Definition

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood glucose levels. It facilitates the uptake of glucose into cells for energy production or storage as glycogen.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Insulin is essential for maintaining normal blood glucose levels and preventing hyperglycemia.
2. Type 1 diabetes results from the autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.
3. In Type 2 diabetes, cells become resistant to insulin, leading to elevated blood sugar levels despite adequate or high insulin production.
4. Dietary choices, particularly carbohydrate intake, can significantly impact insulin requirements and blood sugar control in diabetic patients.
5. Exogenous insulin administration is a common treatment for managing both Type 1 and advanced Type 2 diabetes.

Review Questions

• What role does insulin play in regulating blood glucose levels?
• How does Type 1 diabetes impact insulin production?
• Why is dietary management crucial for patients with diabetes?

Related terms

Glucagon: A hormone produced by the pancreas that raises blood glucose levels by promoting glycogen breakdown.

Glycogen: A stored form of glucose found in the liver and muscles, used as a quick source of energy.

Hyperglycemia: A condition characterized by abnormally high blood glucose levels.