Calvinism

Definition

Calvinism is a major branch of Protestantism that follows the theological teachings of John Calvin, emphasizing the sovereignty of God, the authority of Scripture, and the doctrine of predestination. This branch of Christianity played a crucial role in shaping cultural and political landscapes in Europe and beyond, influencing various social movements and contributing to the development of modern secular governance.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Calvinism emerged in the 16th century during the Protestant Reformation as a reaction against Catholic doctrines and practices.
2. John Calvin's 'Institutes of the Christian Religion' outlined the core beliefs of Calvinism and became a foundational text for Reformed theology.
3. Calvinist ideas significantly influenced various political movements, including the development of democratic principles and republican governance in Europe and America.
4. The spread of Calvinism contributed to the rise of distinctive cultural practices, including work ethics and community-focused governance.
5. Calvinism also gave rise to various denominations, such as Presbyterianism and Reformed Baptist churches, which continue to influence religious life today.

Review Questions

• How did Calvinism influence social and political movements in Europe?
  • Calvinism significantly influenced social and political movements by promoting ideas such as individual responsibility, democratic governance, and an emphasis on community. Its teachings encouraged followers to engage in public affairs and advocate for reforms based on their interpretation of Scripture. This engagement laid the groundwork for democratic principles that would emerge in various European nations, as Calvinists sought to establish societies governed by moral integrity.
• Discuss how the concept of predestination shapes the core beliefs of Calvinism and its implications for followers.
  • Predestination is central to Calvinist theology, asserting that God has predetermined who will be saved or damned. This belief shapes how followers view their relationship with God, leading them to seek assurance of their salvation through faith and good works. The implication is that followers are motivated to live morally upright lives not merely to earn salvation but as evidence of their elect status in God's plan.
• Evaluate the long-term impact of Calvinism on contemporary Christian denominations and secular governance.
  • The long-term impact of Calvinism is evident in contemporary Christian denominations like Presbyterianism and Reformed churches, which carry forward its theological principles. Moreover, its emphasis on individual responsibility and moral governance has permeated secular institutions, fostering democratic ideals that prioritize civic engagement and ethical leadership. The legacy of Calvinism can be seen in the way many modern societies value principles like accountability, community service, and the role of faith in public life.

Related terms

Predestination: The doctrine that God has eternally chosen those who will be saved and those who will be damned, a central tenet of Calvinist theology.

Reformed Tradition: A branch of Protestantism that encompasses Calvinism and its related churches, characterized by a commitment to reformed theology and ecclesiastical governance.

Sola Scriptura: The principle that Scripture alone is the ultimate authority in matters of faith and practice, foundational to Calvinist beliefs.