Proper handling techniques are crucial for preserving artworks and ensuring safety. From paintings to sculptures, each medium requires specific care. Gloves, support methods, and careful movements are key to avoiding damage during transport and display.
Art materials can pose health risks, including toxic substances and airborne particles. like gloves, masks, and proper clothing is essential. Safe lifting, securing artwork, and navigating spaces are vital for successful art transportation.
Art Handling Techniques
Paintings
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Handle with clean, dry hands or while wearing nitrile gloves to prevent transfer of oils, dirt, or moisture to the surface
When moving, support the work from the bottom with both hands, keeping it vertical and avoiding any pressure on the canvas or frame (use for oversized works)
Secure paintings to moving equipment with straps, padding, or blankets to prevent shifting or vibration during transport
Keep paintings vertical and facing toward the mover during transport, avoiding tilting or laying them flat
Sculptures and Three-Dimensional Objects
Handle with gloved hands, supporting the base and any fragile areas
Never lift a sculpture by protruding parts (arms, legs, head) as this can cause breakage
Move sculptures on a padded cart or dolly, strapped securely with at contact points
Avoid dragging or pushing a sculpture across the floor, which can damage the base or create scratches
Use two or more people to lift and move heavy sculptures, communicating clearly and coordinating movements
Works on Paper and Photographs
Handle works on by the edges or margins, preferably with gloves, on a clean, flat surface
Transport works on paper in or boxes, stacked horizontally with between each work to prevent friction
Photographs and negatives are prone to damage from fingerprints, scratches, and airborne pollutants
Handle photographs and negatives by the edges and wear gloves to avoid leaving fingerprints or scratches
Store photographs and negatives in archival-quality sleeves or enclosures to protect from dust and pollutants
Textiles and Fabric-Based Artworks
Handle textile art pieces as little as possible, with clean hands and while wearing gloves
Avoid folding or creasing the fabric, which can cause permanent damage to fibers
Roll around an archival tube for storage or transport, avoiding stacking or compression
Display textiles on a flat surface or mannequin to prevent gravity from distorting the shape over time
Art Material Hazards
Toxic Substances in Art Materials
Many pigments and materials used in creating artworks can be toxic, such as lead (white paint), cadmium (red and yellow paint), and mercury (vermilion)
Familiarize yourself with common hazardous substances found in paints, glazes, solvents, and adhesives
Review (SDS) for art materials to identify potential risks and proper handling methods
Avoid skin contact or inhalation of toxic substances by wearing appropriate PPE and working in ventilated areas
Airborne Particulates and Pollutants
Dust and particulate matter from deteriorating materials like wood, plaster, or pastels can be harmful if inhaled
Use appropriate respiratory protection ( or ) when working with friable or flaking materials
Mold and pest infestations can develop on organic materials like wood, textiles, and paper
Inspect objects for signs of biological activity (discoloration, spores, droppings) before handling and take precautions to avoid exposure
Physical Hazards in Art Handling
on frames, sculptures, or installation pieces pose a cutting hazard
Handle objects with sharp elements carefully and wear protective gloves (Kevlar or leather) to prevent cuts
Heavy or oversized artworks can cause strain or injury if lifted or moved improperly
Use proper lifting techniques (bend at knees, keep back straight) and team lifting when necessary to avoid injury
Wear closed-toe shoes with non-slip soles to prevent slips, trips, and falling objects from causing injury
Importance of PPE
Gloves for Barrier Protection
Nitrile or cotton gloves protect both the handler and the artwork by providing a barrier against skin oils, moisture, and dirt transfer
Wear gloves when handling any artwork to avoid leaving fingerprints, smudges, or residues on surfaces
Change gloves frequently to prevent cross-contamination between objects and maintain a clean grip
Use powder-free gloves to avoid leaving residue on artworks
Respiratory Protection Against Particulates
Respirators or dust masks should be worn when working with objects that may have mold, pest residues, or hazardous particulates to prevent inhalation
Choose the appropriate respirator for the type of particulate (N95 for dust, P100 for mold or lead)
Ensure respirator fits properly and forms a seal against the face for effective filtration
Replace respirator filters regularly and whenever breathing becomes difficult
Protective Clothing and Eyewear
Aprons or lab coats can protect clothing and skin from accidental spills or contact with potentially harmful substances (solvents, acids)
Choose aprons made of durable, non-porous materials like PVC or neoprene for easy cleaning and chemical resistance
Safety goggles shield the eyes from dust, debris, and chemical splashes that may occur during conservation or preparation of artworks
Wear goggles when using power tools, handling chemicals, or working with flaking or friable materials
Footwear for Safety and Stability
Closed-toe shoes with non-slip soles help prevent accidents and protect the feet from falling objects or sharp edges
Choose shoes with good support and cushioning for comfort during long periods of standing or walking
Avoid sandals, flip-flops, or high heels when handling art to reduce risk of trips, slips, or dropped objects
may be necessary when handling large, heavy sculptures or installing large-scale exhibitions
Art Transportation Procedures
Planning and Preparation
Plan the route in advance, considering the dimensions of the artwork, doorways, elevators, and any potential obstacles
Clear the path of any obstructions (furniture, equipment) and ensure adequate clearance for large objects
Assemble the necessary equipment, such as hydraulic lifts, pallet jacks, dollies, or carts, appropriate to the size and weight of the artwork
Inspect equipment for proper functioning and safety features (brakes, straps, padding) before use
Safe Lifting and Moving Techniques
Use two or more people to lift and move heavy or large items, communicating clearly and coordinating movements to avoid damage
Lift with the legs, keeping the back straight and object close to the body to avoid strain
Avoid twisting or jerking motions while carrying artwork, which can cause damage or injury
Take breaks as needed and set artwork down gently on padded surfaces to prevent impact damage
Securing Artwork During Transport
Secure the artwork to the moving equipment with straps, padding, or blankets to prevent shifting or vibration during transport
Use corner protectors or foam blocks to prevent frames or edges from bumping against cart or walls
Cover sculptures or 3D works with soft, breathable fabric (Tyvek, muslin) to protect from dust and scratches
Avoid stacking artworks or placing heavy objects on top of fragile pieces during transport
Navigating the Museum Environment
Use caution when moving objects in and out of storage areas, watching for uneven floors, thresholds, or tight doorways where damage could occur
Open doors slowly and check for clearance before moving artwork through to avoid bumps and scratches
Use a spotter when navigating narrow passages or blind corners to prevent collisions
Be aware of environmental factors like humidity, temperature, and light levels when moving artwork to prevent shock or