Abstract expressionism

Definition

Abstract expressionism is an art movement that emerged in the mid-20th century, characterized by spontaneous, automatic, or subconscious creation. It emphasizes the act of painting as an essential part of the artwork itself, often conveying deep emotional experiences and exploring the relationship between art and the human psyche. This movement reflects a significant departure from traditional artistic techniques and subjects, connecting to ancient mythology's influence on the exploration of human emotion and existence.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Abstract expressionism originated in New York City in the 1940s and was heavily influenced by the existentialist philosophy that emerged after World War II.
2. Artists like Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko, and Willem de Kooning are key figures in this movement, each contributing unique styles and techniques that challenged traditional notions of art.
3. The movement was a response to the horrors of war, reflecting feelings of isolation and anxiety prevalent in society during that time.
4. Abstract expressionism has roots in earlier movements like surrealism, as artists sought to express deeper emotional truths rather than depict reality.
5. This movement paved the way for later art forms by encouraging individual expression and breaking away from established artistic conventions.

Review Questions

• How did abstract expressionism reflect the emotional and psychological state of society following World War II?
  • Abstract expressionism emerged as a reaction to the trauma and existential crises that many faced after World War II. Artists used this style to express feelings of isolation, anxiety, and despair through spontaneous and non-representational forms. The movement allowed for an exploration of deep emotional experiences, serving as a visual manifestation of the psychological landscape of a society grappling with its identity in a post-war world.
• Discuss how ancient mythology influences the themes present in abstract expressionist artworks.
  • Ancient mythology has greatly influenced abstract expressionism by providing artists with symbolic imagery and archetypal themes that resonate on a universal level. Myths often explore fundamental human experiences such as love, loss, and transformation, which abstract expressionist artists sought to convey through their emotive brushstrokes and color palettes. By tapping into these ancient narratives, they created works that resonate deeply with viewers on both personal and collective levels.
• Evaluate the impact of abstract expressionism on contemporary art movements and how it changed perceptions of artistic value.
  • Abstract expressionism fundamentally shifted perceptions of what art could be, moving away from representational accuracy toward individual expression and emotional depth. This movement influenced subsequent generations of artists who embraced spontaneity and personal experience as central tenets of their work. As a result, contemporary art movements have increasingly prioritized concept over technique, allowing for diverse forms of expression that challenge traditional artistic values and expand the boundaries of creativity.

Related terms

Surrealism: An artistic movement that sought to release the creative potential of the unconscious mind, often through dream-like imagery and unexpected juxtapositions.

Action Painting: A technique associated with abstract expressionism where paint is applied to canvas in a spontaneous manner, emphasizing the physical act of painting.

Color Field Painting: A style within abstract expressionism that focuses on large expanses of color, creating an immersive experience for the viewer.