Abstract expressionism

Definition

Abstract expressionism is an art movement that emerged in the mid-20th century, characterized by its emphasis on spontaneous, automatic, or subconscious creation. This movement broke away from traditional forms of representation, focusing instead on the expression of emotions through abstract forms and vigorous brushwork. It is significant in understanding how artists sought to convey deeper meanings through form, space, and volume rather than realistic depictions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Abstract expressionism emerged in New York City in the late 1940s and became a dominant art movement in the 1950s.
2. The movement is closely linked to post-World War II sentiments, where artists sought to express the chaos and emotional turmoil of the time.
3. Famous abstract expressionist artists include Jackson Pollock, Willem de Kooning, and Franz Kline, each known for their distinctive styles that contributed to the movement's diversity.
4. The use of non-traditional materials and techniques, such as dripping paint or creating large-scale canvases, was common among abstract expressionists.
5. This movement paved the way for later art movements by challenging conventional notions of art and emphasizing individual expression and spontaneity.

Review Questions

• How did abstract expressionism reflect the social and emotional context of its time?
  • Abstract expressionism emerged during a period marked by post-World War II disillusionment and emotional turmoil. Artists sought to channel their feelings about chaos and uncertainty into their work, leading to spontaneous and expressive creations. This approach helped viewers connect with deeper emotional experiences and reflect the collective mood of society during that transformative time.
• Compare and contrast action painting and color field painting within the abstract expressionist movement.
  • Action painting emphasizes the physical act of painting itself, focusing on dynamic brushstrokes and an energetic approach that reflects the artist's emotions. In contrast, color field painting highlights large expanses of color that evoke an emotional response from the viewer without relying on complex forms or gestural techniques. While both styles are integral to abstract expressionism, they approach the expression of emotion through different means—one through movement and energy, and the other through simplicity and color.
• Evaluate the impact of abstract expressionism on contemporary art practices and movements.
  • Abstract expressionism fundamentally changed how art was perceived and created, promoting individual expression over traditional representation. Its emphasis on spontaneity and emotion paved the way for subsequent movements like minimalism and conceptual art. The legacy of abstract expressionism continues to influence contemporary artists who explore new mediums and techniques while maintaining a focus on personal expression, ensuring its lasting significance in the art world.

Related terms

Action Painting: A style within abstract expressionism where the act of painting is emphasized as much as the finished artwork, often involving dynamic brush strokes and a sense of movement.

Color Field Painting: A style that focuses on large areas of a single color, promoting a meditative or emotional response, often associated with artists like Mark Rothko.

Gestural Abstraction: A form of abstract expressionism where the artist's gestures and movements are visible in the final artwork, reflecting the physical act of painting.