Architrave

Definition

An architrave is the lowest part of the entablature in classical architecture that rests directly on the columns and supports the upper sections, such as the frieze and cornice. It plays a crucial role in both structural integrity and aesthetic design, serving as a transitional element between the vertical columns and the horizontal elements above. The design of the architrave can vary significantly between different architectural orders, making it an important feature in distinguishing styles like Doric and Ionic.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The architrave is typically a flat beam that spans across the top of columns and is often elaborately decorated, particularly in more ornate styles like the Corinthian order.
2. In Doric architecture, the architrave is generally simple and unadorned, while in Ionic architecture, it may feature more intricate designs and embellishments.
3. The height and proportions of the architrave can vary depending on the architectural style and the overall scale of the building.
4. The architrave contributes not only to structural stability but also to the visual harmony of a building's facade, enhancing its aesthetic appeal.
5. In temple design, especially in ancient Greece, the architrave serves as an important visual element that bridges the gap between the divine (represented by the columns) and earthly structures.

Review Questions

• How does the design of the architrave differ between Doric and Ionic architectural orders?
  • The design of the architrave varies significantly between Doric and Ionic orders. In Doric architecture, the architrave tends to be more austere and simple, reflecting its robust and functional nature. In contrast, Ionic architecture features a more decorative architrave that may include elaborate moldings or reliefs. This difference not only illustrates the unique characteristics of each order but also contributes to their overall aesthetic and symbolic meanings in ancient Greek architecture.
• Discuss the role of the architrave within the context of the entablature in ancient Greek architecture.
  • The architrave serves as a fundamental component within the entablature, which is composed of three main parts: the architrave itself, the frieze, and the cornice. Positioned directly atop columns, it provides essential support for these upper elements while also acting as a visual transition from vertical to horizontal. The design choices made for the architrave can influence both structural integrity and aesthetic appeal, making it a crucial element in achieving a harmonious architectural composition.
• Evaluate how variations in architrave design reflect broader cultural values in ancient Greece during different periods.
  • Variations in architrave design reflect broader cultural values and shifts in artistic expression throughout ancient Greece. For instance, during periods that prioritized simplicity and strength, such as during the early Doric phase, architraves tended to be unadorned. As society evolved toward greater complexity and ornamentation in art, seen during the height of classical architecture with Ionic and Corinthian styles, architraves became more elaborate. This evolution not only signifies changes in aesthetic preferences but also mirrors philosophical developments regarding beauty, harmony, and order within Greek culture.

Related terms

Entablature: The horizontal structure supported by columns, which consists of three main sections: the architrave, frieze, and cornice.

Column: A vertical structural element that provides support to a building, often characterized by its design style, such as Doric, Ionic, or Corinthian.

Frieze: The middle section of the entablature, often decorated with relief sculptures or inscriptions, located above the architrave.