Architrave

Definition

An architrave is the lowest part of the entablature in classical architecture, resting directly on the columns. It serves as a structural element that supports the upper sections of a building while also providing an aesthetic transition between the columns and the entablature above, which includes the frieze and cornice. The architrave can be plain or decorated and is significant in defining the overall style and elegance of temple architecture.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The architrave often features decorative elements that reflect the architectural style, such as Doric, Ionic, or Corinthian.
2. In ancient Greek temples, the design of the architrave was integral to conveying the temple's grandeur and stability.
3. The width and proportion of the architrave can affect the visual balance and overall aesthetic of a temple's facade.
4. Many famous temples, like the Parthenon, showcase intricate designs on their architraves that highlight their cultural significance.
5. The use of the architrave can be traced back to ancient civilizations, with variations found in Egyptian and Mesopotamian architecture.

Review Questions

• How does the design of an architrave contribute to both structural integrity and aesthetic appeal in temple architecture?
  • The design of an architrave is crucial because it not only supports the upper elements of the building but also enhances its visual appeal. By providing a transition between columns and the rest of the entablature, it establishes a sense of continuity in design. Decorative elements on the architrave can convey cultural meanings or stylistic choices, thus contributing to both its structural function and its role in expressing artistic values.
• Discuss how variations in architrave design reflect different architectural styles in ancient Greek temples.
  • Variations in architrave design are significant markers of different architectural styles in ancient Greek temples. For instance, Doric temples tend to have simpler, more robust architraves compared to Ionic temples, which often feature more elaborate detailing. The Corinthian style pushes this even further with intricate carvings and floral motifs. These differences not only highlight each style's aesthetic qualities but also reflect the values and cultural priorities of their respective societies.
• Evaluate how the concept of an architrave can be seen as a symbol of cultural identity in ancient architecture.
  • The concept of an architrave serves as a symbol of cultural identity through its reflective architectural choices that embody specific values and beliefs. Each design element is deeply rooted in historical context—such as religious significance or political power—making the architrave a canvas for cultural expression. For example, temples dedicated to gods would emphasize grandeur through elaborate architraves, while public buildings might prioritize functionality over decoration. Analyzing these elements allows us to understand how architecture was not just about form but also conveyed messages about identity and societal values.

Related terms

entablature: The horizontal structure supported by columns, which consists of three main sections: the architrave, frieze, and cornice.

frieze: The middle section of the entablature that often contains decorative reliefs or inscriptions and spans between the architrave and cornice.

cornice: The uppermost section of the entablature that projects outwards, serving both a decorative and functional purpose by directing rainwater away from the building.