Adrenal glands

Definition

Adrenal glands are small, triangular-shaped glands located on top of each kidney. They produce hormones that help regulate metabolism, immune system, blood pressure, and stress responses.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The adrenal glands consist of two parts: the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla.
2. The adrenal cortex produces steroid hormones such as cortisol and aldosterone.
3. The adrenal medulla secretes adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine).
4. Cortisol helps control blood sugar levels, regulate metabolism, reduce inflammation, and assist with memory formulation.
5. Aldosterone plays a key role in regulating blood pressure by maintaining salt and water balance.

Review Questions

• What are the two main parts of the adrenal glands?
• Which hormones are produced by the adrenal cortex?
• How does aldosterone affect blood pressure regulation?

Related terms

Cortisol: A steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that regulates metabolism and stress responses.

Adrenaline: Also known as epinephrine, it's a hormone released by the adrenal medulla that increases heart rate and energy in response to stress.

Aldosterone: A hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that helps regulate blood pressure through salt and water balance.