Adrenal glands

Definition

The adrenal glands are small, triangular-shaped glands located on top of each kidney. They produce hormones such as cortisol, aldosterone, and adrenaline which are crucial for stress response, metabolism, and electrolyte balance.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Adrenal glands consist of two parts: the cortex and the medulla, each producing different hormones.
2. Cortisol produced by the adrenal cortex helps regulate metabolism and immune response.
3. Aldosterone, another hormone from the adrenal cortex, plays a key role in maintaining blood pressure and electrolyte balance.
4. The adrenal medulla produces adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine), which are vital for the body's fight-or-flight response.
5. Proper nutrition can influence adrenal function by providing essential nutrients like vitamin C and B vitamins that support hormone production.

Review Questions

• What are the primary functions of cortisol produced by the adrenal glands?
• How does aldosterone contribute to maintaining blood pressure?
• Which part of the adrenal gland is responsible for producing adrenaline?

Related terms

Cortisol: A hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that regulates metabolism, immune response, and stress.

Aldosterone: A hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that helps control blood pressure by managing sodium and potassium levels.

Epinephrine: Also known as adrenaline, it is a hormone produced by the adrenal medulla involved in the fight-or-flight response.