Frankenstein

Definition

Frankenstein is a novel written by Mary Shelley, published in 1818, that tells the story of Victor Frankenstein, a scientist who creates a sentient being through unorthodox scientific experiments. The work explores themes of ambition, responsibility, and the consequences of playing God, connecting deeply with the Romantic Movement by emphasizing emotion, nature, and the individual's struggle against societal norms.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Mary Shelley conceived the idea for Frankenstein during a summer spent in Switzerland with Lord Byron and others, where they challenged each other to write ghost stories.
2. The creature in Frankenstein is often mistakenly referred to as 'Frankenstein,' while actually, it is Victor Frankenstein who is the creator.
3. Frankenstein addresses ethical questions about scientific experimentation and the moral responsibilities of creators toward their creations.
4. The novel reflects the Romantic era's fascination with the individual and the idea of transgressing boundaries, both personal and scientific.
5. Frankenstein has had a lasting impact on literature and popular culture, inspiring countless adaptations and discussions about humanity's relationship with technology.

Review Questions

• How does Mary Shelley's Frankenstein reflect key themes of the Romantic Movement?
  • Frankenstein embodies many core themes of Romanticism by focusing on intense emotions, the struggles of the individual against societal expectations, and a profound connection to nature. The novel showcases the consequences of unchecked ambition through Victor Frankenstein's quest for knowledge and creation. Additionally, the emotional turmoil experienced by both Victor and his creature highlights the Romantic ideal of deep inner conflict and existential questioning.
• In what ways does Gothic Literature influence the atmosphere and themes presented in Frankenstein?
  • Gothic Literature significantly shapes Frankenstein's atmosphere through its dark settings, supernatural elements, and exploration of fear and isolation. The gloomy landscapes described in the novel amplify feelings of despair and loneliness experienced by both Victor and his creation. This genre also enhances the psychological depth of the characters as they grapple with their fears and desires, making their struggles more relatable to readers.
• Evaluate how Frankenstein raises questions about ethics in science and technology within its historical context.
  • Frankenstein raises critical ethical questions about science and technology during a time when advancements were rapidly changing society. Mary Shelley prompts readers to consider the responsibilities that come with scientific discovery, particularly as Victor Frankenstein's experiment leads to disastrous consequences. By addressing themes of creation and destruction, Shelley encourages a dialogue about the potential dangers of unchecked ambition and technological progress, which remains relevant in today's discussions about bioethics and artificial intelligence.

Related terms

Romanticism: A cultural movement that emerged in the late 18th century, emphasizing emotion, individualism, and the glorification of nature.

Gothic Literature: A genre characterized by supernatural elements, dark settings, and an exploration of human psychology and fears.

The Sublime: A concept in aesthetics referring to experiences that evoke a sense of awe or wonder, often found in nature and art.