Humanism

Definition

Humanism is an intellectual movement that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, focusing on the study of classical texts and the promotion of human potential and achievements. This movement played a critical role in the Renaissance, where it inspired a revival of classical mythology in art and literature, encouraging a new appreciation for ancient cultures and their narratives.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Humanism originated in Italy during the 14th century and became a dominant force in European thought by the 15th century.
2. Humanists believed in the study of humanities—grammar, rhetoric, history, poetry, and moral philosophy—as a means to develop virtuous citizens.
3. Classical mythology became a focal point for humanist artists and writers, as they sought to reinterpret ancient themes in contemporary contexts.
4. Prominent humanists like Petrarch and Erasmus emphasized the importance of individual experience and critical thinking over blind adherence to tradition.
5. The influence of humanism can be seen in the works of Renaissance artists like Michelangelo and Raphael, who incorporated classical themes and figures into their art.

Review Questions

• How did humanism influence the themes present in Renaissance art and literature?
  • Humanism greatly influenced Renaissance art and literature by encouraging artists and writers to draw inspiration from classical mythology and ancient texts. This focus on individual potential and human experience led to a celebration of human emotions, natural beauty, and mythological subjects. As a result, works created during this period often depicted scenes from mythology with a renewed sense of realism and emotional depth.
• Discuss the role of key figures in the development of humanism and their impact on classical mythology's revival during the Renaissance.
  • Key figures such as Petrarch, who is often considered the 'father of humanism,' played a pivotal role in reviving interest in classical texts. His writings sparked curiosity about ancient cultures, which encouraged scholars to seek out original Greek and Latin manuscripts. Similarly, Erasmus's emphasis on education and moral philosophy reinforced the significance of classical mythology as not just stories but as lessons for personal virtue and ethics, impacting how these myths were represented in art and literature.
• Evaluate how humanism transformed societal views during the Renaissance, particularly concerning education and cultural achievements.
  • Humanism transformed societal views by shifting focus from religious dogma to human potential and achievements, leading to significant changes in education. This movement fostered an environment that valued critical thinking, creativity, and exploration of secular subjects. As a result, educational curricula began to include classical studies alongside traditional religious teachings, allowing for greater cultural achievements that celebrated individual expression. The impact of this transformation is evident in the flourishing arts and humanities during the Renaissance, setting a foundation for modern Western thought.

Related terms

Renaissance: A cultural and intellectual revival in Europe from the 14th to the 17th century, characterized by a renewed interest in classical antiquity, art, and humanist philosophy.

Classical Antiquity: The period of history centered on the cultures of ancient Greece and Rome, whose literature, philosophy, and art heavily influenced Renaissance humanism.

Secularism: The principle of separating religion from civic affairs and education, which became prominent during the Renaissance and was supported by humanist thinkers.