Humanism

Definition

Humanism is an intellectual movement that emerged during the Renaissance, emphasizing the value and agency of human beings, and focusing on the study of classical texts, literature, and the arts. It marks a shift from a predominantly religious worldview to one that celebrates individual potential and achievements, greatly influencing theatre and literature across Europe.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Humanism placed a strong emphasis on the study of humanities, including grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history, and moral philosophy, drawn from classical sources.
2. Key figures in Renaissance humanism included scholars like Erasmus and Petrarch, who sought to reconcile classical knowledge with Christian teachings.
3. Humanism led to an increase in secular themes in literature and drama, reflecting a growing interest in human experience rather than solely religious narratives.
4. The influence of humanism is evident in the works of playwrights such as Shakespeare and Lope de Vega, who incorporated classical ideas and humanist values into their plays.
5. The rise of humanism contributed to the development of public theatre spaces like the Globe Theatre, where performances explored complex human emotions and societal issues.

Review Questions

• How did humanism influence the themes and character development in Renaissance theatre?
  • Humanism significantly shaped the themes and character development in Renaissance theatre by promoting exploration of individual emotions and experiences. Playwrights began to focus on complex characters that reflected real human struggles rather than just archetypes or moral lessons. This shift allowed for richer storytelling that resonated with audiences, making characters more relatable and diverse, ultimately transforming how stories were told on stage.
• Discuss the relationship between humanism and the emergence of notable playwrights during the Renaissance period.
  • Humanism played a crucial role in the emergence of notable playwrights during the Renaissance as it encouraged them to draw inspiration from classical texts and philosophies. Playwrights like Shakespeare incorporated humanist ideas into their works, reflecting contemporary society's values while exploring themes such as love, ambition, and morality. The impact of humanism is also seen in how these writers crafted nuanced characters who wrestled with personal dilemmas, making their plays timeless and relevant.
• Evaluate the lasting impact of humanism on modern theatre practices and literature.
  • The lasting impact of humanism on modern theatre practices and literature can be seen in the continued emphasis on character-driven narratives that explore complex human conditions. Today's playwrights often grapple with themes related to identity, society, and existential questions that trace back to humanist principles. Furthermore, the celebration of individual perspectives reflects the humanist belief in personal agency, showing how foundational this movement has been in shaping contemporary artistic expressions across various media.

Related terms

Renaissance: A cultural revival in Europe from the 14th to the 17th century, marked by a renewed interest in classical antiquity and human-centered philosophy.

Classicism: An artistic movement inspired by the classical art and literature of ancient Greece and Rome, focusing on harmony, proportion, and the ideals of beauty.

Secularism: The principle of separating religion from political, social, and educational institutions, allowing for a more human-centered approach in various fields.