Dominant

Definition

In music, the term 'dominant' refers to the fifth scale degree of a diatonic scale, which plays a crucial role in the development of functional harmony. It is significant because the dominant chord, built on this degree, creates tension that typically resolves to the tonic, forming a foundational aspect of Western tonal music. This relationship between the dominant and tonic chords is essential for establishing a sense of resolution and direction in compositions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The dominant chord is typically a major triad built on the fifth scale degree, often accompanied by a seventh note to create a dominant seventh chord.
2. In a major key, the dominant chord creates a strong pull back to the tonic chord, establishing harmonic tension and resolution.
3. Functional harmony relies heavily on the relationship between tonic and dominant chords, which define the tonal structure of Western music.
4. The dominant can also serve as a pivot point for modulation, allowing composers to change keys within a piece.
5. Composers like J.S. Bach and later classical composers frequently utilized the dominant to enhance musical drama and emotional impact in their works.

Review Questions

• How does the dominant function within the context of tonal music, and why is its relationship with the tonic important?
  • The dominant functions as a pivotal point in tonal music by creating tension that seeks resolution in the tonic. This relationship is important because it establishes a sense of direction and home base within compositions. The dominant's strong pull towards the tonic reinforces the harmonic structure and helps define musical phrases, allowing listeners to experience satisfaction when the tension resolves.
• Discuss how composers utilize the dominant chord to enhance musical expression and drama in their works.
  • Composers utilize the dominant chord as a tool to create tension and anticipation within their music, which can significantly enhance expression and drama. By manipulating the timing and placement of dominant chords, they can build emotional intensity before resolving it back to the tonic. This technique not only maintains listener engagement but also allows composers to convey complex emotions through their harmonic choices.
• Evaluate the role of the dominant in shaping functional harmony and how its use has evolved from the Baroque period to later musical styles.
  • The role of the dominant in shaping functional harmony has been central since the Baroque period, where it was established as a key component for creating tension and resolution. As musical styles evolved into Classical, Romantic, and beyond, composers expanded on this foundational relationship by exploring chromaticism, modulations, and new harmonic textures while still retaining the importance of the dominant's role. The transition from strict functional harmony to more experimental approaches in contemporary music reflects both an adherence to traditional principles and an innovative spirit that reinterprets how tension and resolution are experienced.

Related terms

Tonic: The tonic is the first scale degree of a diatonic scale and serves as the home base or tonal center in functional harmony.

Subdominant: The subdominant is the fourth scale degree of a diatonic scale and often leads to the dominant chord, creating harmonic progression.

Diatonic Scale: A diatonic scale consists of seven pitches that form a basis for Western music, containing five whole steps and two half steps.