Dominant

Definition

In music theory, the term 'dominant' refers to the fifth scale degree of a diatonic scale, which has a crucial role in establishing tonality and tension within a musical composition. The dominant is often associated with the V chord, creating a sense of movement that typically resolves to the tonic chord, creating a feeling of rest. This resolution is a fundamental aspect of Western music but is also relevant in various Middle Eastern musical contexts, particularly in the framework of maqam theory.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The dominant chord is typically built on the fifth scale degree and is essential for creating tension that seeks resolution to the tonic.
2. In maqam theory, the dominant can refer to specific pitches or tones that create a feeling of anticipation leading to the resolution in the tonal structure.
3. The V-I progression (dominant to tonic) is one of the most common harmonic movements in music, emphasizing the importance of the dominant in establishing key centers.
4. Different maqamat may utilize their own forms of dominant-like functions that interact with their unique scales and tones, enhancing their distinct musical identities.
5. In many musical traditions, including those in the Middle East, improvisation often revolves around the dominant and tonic relationship, allowing for expressive variations.

Review Questions

• How does the concept of the dominant relate to the overall structure and progression within musical compositions?
  • The dominant serves as a pivotal point in music by creating tension that resolves back to the tonic. This relationship between the dominant and tonic is fundamental for establishing key centers and guiding listeners through musical narratives. By understanding this dynamic, musicians can effectively create emotional impacts through harmonic progressions.
• Discuss how maqam theory incorporates the idea of dominance within its musical framework and what implications this has for improvisation.
  • In maqam theory, concepts akin to dominance exist through specific notes or pitches that lead towards resolution. These dominant-like functions play a critical role in shaping melodic phrases during improvisation. Musicians navigate these tensions and resolutions, allowing for spontaneous creativity while still adhering to traditional structures.
• Evaluate the significance of the dominant in both Western and Middle Eastern music contexts, particularly regarding compositional techniques and improvisational practices.
  • The significance of the dominant transcends cultural boundaries, serving as a unifying concept across both Western and Middle Eastern music. In Western traditions, it is integral to harmonic progression and formal structures, while in Middle Eastern music, it influences modal frameworks and improvisational styles. By examining these similarities and differences, one can gain insights into how various musical cultures approach tension and resolution creatively.

Related terms

Tonic: The first scale degree of a diatonic scale, serving as the home base or point of rest in a musical piece.

Maqam: A system of melodic modes used in Middle Eastern music that provides a framework for improvisation and composition.

Subdominant: The fourth scale degree of a diatonic scale, often leading to the dominant and contributing to harmonic progression.